Table 3.
Unadjusted and adjusted rate ratios of suspected suicides in the COVID-19 period based on the trends in the pre-COVID-19 period.
| Number of suicides | Mean suicides (per month) | Unadjusted rate ratio | Adjusted rate ratio | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-COVID-19 (37 months) | COVID-19 (7 months) | Pre-COVID-19 | COVID-19 | RR (CI) | RR (CI) | |
| All | 4,878 | 913 | 131.84 | 130.43 | 0.99 (0.92, 1.06) | 1.10 (0.93, 1.32) |
| Males | 3,676 | 690 | 99.35 | 98.57 | 0.99 (0.91, 1.08) | 1.12 (0.90, 1.41) |
| <25 years | 504 | 113 | 13.62 | 16.14 | 1.19 (0.96, 1.46) | 1.89 (1.11, 3.23)** |
| 25–64 years | 2,633 | 471 | 71.16 | 67.29 | 0.95 (0.86, 1.04) | 1.01 (0.83, 1.22) |
| 65+ years | 539 | 106 | 14.57 | 15.14 | 1.04 (0.84, 1.28) | 0.93 (0.67, 1.30) |
| Females | 1,202 | 223 | 32.49 | 31.86 | 0.98 (0.85, 1.13) | 0.94 (0.80, 1.10) |
| <25 years | 181 | 35 | 4.89 | 5.00 | 1.02 (0.69, 1.47) | 1.50 (0.69, 3.26) |
| 25–64 years | 828 | 148 | 22.38 | 21.14 | 0.94 (0.79, 1.13) | 0.95 (0.74, 1.20) |
| 65+ years | 193 | 40 | 5.22 | 5.71 | 1.10 (0.76, 1.55) | 0.74 (0.44, 1.24) |
| RELATIONSHIP BREAKDOWN | ||||||
| All | 1,145 | 191 | 30.95 | 27.29 | 0.88 (0.75, 1.03) | 0.97 (0.78, 1.19) |
| Males | 923 | 152 | 24.95 | 21.71 | 0.87 (0.73, 1.03) | 0.84 (0.57, 1.25) |
| <25 years | 104 | 23 | 2.81 | 3.29 | 1.17 (0.71, 1.85) | 2.24 (0.85, 5.90) |
| 25–64 years | 758 | 118 | 20.49 | 16.86 | 0.82 (0.67, 0.99)** | 0.78 (0.48, 1.25) |
| 65+ years | 61 | 11 | 1.65 | 1.57 | 0.95 (0.45, 1.83) | 0.31 (0.05, 1.84) |
| Females | 222 | 39 | 6.00 | 5.57 | 0.93 (0.64, 1.31) | 0.80 (0.56, 1.16) |
| <25 years | 46 | 7 | 1.24 | 1.00 | 0.80 (0.31, 1.79) | 2.09 (0.35, 12.41) |
| 25–64 years | 160 | 31 | 4.32 | 4.43 | 1.02 (0.67, 1.51) | 0.90 (0.55, 1.47) |
| 65+ years | 16 | <5 | 0.43 | a | 0.33 (0.01, 2.13) | 0.49 (0.02, 12.62) |
| FINANCIAL STRESSORS | ||||||
| All | 369 | 73 | 9.97 | 10.43 | 1.05 (0.80, 1.35) | 1.43 (0.77, 2.64) |
| Males | 312 | 66 | 8.43 | 9.43 | 1.12 (0.84, 1.46) | 1.36 (0.76, 2.45) |
| <25 years | 19 | 6 | 0.51 | 0.86 | 1.67 (0.55, 4.35) | 3.27 (0.93, 11.45) |
| 25–64 years | 265 | 51 | 7.16 | 7.29 | 1.02 (0.74, 1.38) | 1.37 (0.73, 2.58) |
| 65+ years | 28 | 9 | 0.76 | 1.29 | 1.70 (0.71, 3.70) | 2.88 (0.98, 8.44) |
| Females | 57 | 7 | 1.54 | 1.00 | 0.65 (0.25, 1.43) | 1.95 (0.24, 15.97) |
| <25 years | <5 | 0 | a | 0.00 | 0 (0, 28.14) | b |
| 25–64 years | 48 | 6 | 1.30 | 0.86 | 0.66 (0.23, 1.55) | 2.51 (0.28, 22.39) |
| 65+ years | 7 | <5 | 0.19 | a | 0.76 (0.02, 5.88) | 1.52 (0.10, 22.65) |
| UNEMPLOYMENT | ||||||
| All | 280 | 81 | 7.57 | 11.57 | 1.53 (1.18, 1.96)** | 1.26 (0.70, 2.26) |
| Males | 237 | 71 | 6.41 | 10.14 | 1.58 (1.20, 2.07)** | 1.16 (0.63, 2.12) |
| <25 years | 25 | 9 | 0.68 | 1.29 | 1.90 (0.78, 4.21) | 1.68 (0.35, 7.99) |
| 25–64 years | 204 | 59 | 5.51 | 8.43 | 1.53 (1.12, 2.05)** | 1.07 (0.52, 2.21) |
| 65+ years | 8 | <5 | 0.22 | a | 1.98 (0.34, 8.26) | 0.74 (0.18, 3.06) |
| Females | 43 | 10 | 1.16 | 1.43 | 1.23 (0.55, 2.48) | 1.42 (0.57, 3.55) |
| <25 years | <5 | 0 | a | 0.00 | 0 (0, 28.14) | b |
| 25–64 years | 39 | 10 | 1.05 | 1.43 | 1.36 (0.6, 2.76) | 1.58 (0.61, 4.07) |
| 65+ years | <5 | 0 | a | 0.00 | 0 (0, 28.14) | b |
| HOMELESSNESS | ||||||
| All | 75 | 15 | 2.03 | 2.14 | 1.06 (0.56, 1.86) | 0.54 (0.29, 1.01) |
| Males | 61 | 13 | 1.65 | 1.86 | 1.13 (0.57, 2.07) | 0.57 (0.28, 1.16) |
| <25 years | <5 | <5 | a | a | 3.52 (0.29, 30.76) | b |
| 25–64 years | 52 | 11 | 1.41 | 1.57 | 1.12 (0.53, 2.17) | 0.52 (0.24, 1.13) |
| 65+ years | 6 | 0 | 0.16 | 0.00 | 0 (0, 4.49) | b |
| Females | 14 | <5 | 0.38 | a | 0.76 (0.08, 3.29) | 0.43 (0.08, 2.27) |
| <25 years | <5 | <5 | a | a | 2.64 (0.04, 50.77) | b |
| 25–64 years | 10 | 0 | 0.27 | 0.00 | 0 (0, 2.36) | b |
| 65+ years | <5 | <5 | a | a | 2.64 (0.04, 50.77) | b |
a, not shown due to low cell count; b, model could not be fitted to the data.
**
P < 0.05.