Table 1:

Drosophila oncokines that mediate tumor–host interactions.

Fly Oncokine	Human Orthologue	Host Effect	Target Tissue	Tumor Model	References
Endocrine action
ImpL2	IGFBP family	Cachectic wasting	fat, muscle, ovaries	neoplastic and cooperative neoplastic disc, Activated yki-expressing ISCs	80, 81
Pvf1	VEGF and PDGF	Cachectic wasting	fat, muscle	Activated yki-expressing ISCs	83
		Immune cell proliferation	macrophages	neoplastic disc	56
Branchless	FGF	Cachetic wasting	muscle	csk mutant + RasV12 + High sugar diet disc	83
		Neotracheogenesis (?)	trachea	neoplastic disc	43, 47
Ilp8	Relaxins or INSL3 (?)	Neuroendocrine regulation	neurons	neoplastic and cooperative neoplastic disc	104, 105
		Anorexia	neurons	cooperative neoplastic disc	91
Unpaired 1, 2 and 3	IL-6	Immune cell proliferation	macrophages	neoplastic and cooperative neoplastic disc	56
		Neuroendocrine regulation	neurons	cooperative neoplastic disc	107
Paracrine action
Unpaired 1, 2 and 3	IL-6	Epithelial proliferation	WT epithelia	ESCRT and PRC1 mutant disc clones	25–29
MMP1 and 2	MMPs	Invasion	basement membrane	neoplastic and cooperative neoplastic disc	70, 71, 73
Decapentaplegic	TGFβ	Stromal proliferation	myoblasts	psq mutant + EGFR disc	38
Delta	DLL family	Stromal proliferation	myoblasts	psq mutant + EGFR disc	39

DLL, delta-like ligand; ISCs, intestinal stem cells