Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies
| First author, year of publication | Name of study or source of participants | Years of sample collection | Definition of hyperglycemia (glucose) | Definition of persistent hyperglycemia (glucose measured at) | Patterns of hyperglycemia | Outcome (mortality) | Participants | Male | Numbers of 30-d death | Numbers of short-term cerebral hemorrhage | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mi D et al. 2018 [14] | Tiantan Hospital | 2014–2016 | ≧ 7.8 mmol/L | 0b, 24b hours | [1–4]a | 30-day | 91 Chinese | 65 | 1 | 1 | 12 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 13 | 2 |
| Li G et al. 2018 | Qilu Hospital | 2008–2009 |
Admission: ≧ 7.8 mmol/L; In-patient: ≧ 6.1 mmol/L |
0 h; 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 days |
[1–4] | 3-month | 150 Chinese | 73 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 4 | NA | |||
| Yong M et al. 2008 [10] | ECASS-II | 1996–1998 | ≧ 140 mg/dl | 0, 24 h | [1–4] | 30-day | 587 Westerners (nondiabetic) | 100 | 8 | 14 | 14 | 20 | 44 | 28 | 18 | 163 |
| Yong M (2) et al. 2008 [10] | ECASS-II | 161 Westerners (diabetic) | 4 | 2 | 9 | 2 | 9 | 6 | 42 | 10 | ||||||
| Feng W et al. 2012 [17] | NA | 2012 | ≧ 150 mg/dl | Duration: 72 h | low/high | 3-month | 135 Westerners | 31 | Low:18; high:23 | NA | ||||||
| Wu T et al. 2017 [8] | HICHS | 2005–2016 | ≧ 8.0 mmol/L | 24, 24–72 h | [1–4] | 6-month | 576 Westerners | 342 | 36 | 5 | 70 | 26 | NA | |||
| Merlino G et al. 2020 [9] | Udine University Hospital | 2015–2019 | > 140 mg/dL | 0, 24 h | [1–4] | 3-month | 200 Westerners | 101 | 12 | 3 | 4 | 21 | 9 | 2 | 4 | 110 |
| Ntaios G et al. 2010 | ASTRAL | 2003–2009 | ≧ 8.0 mmol/L | 0, 24–48 h | Low/high | 3-month | 421 Westerners | 240 | Low:124; high:60 | NA | ||||||
| Fuentes B et al. 2010 [12] | GLIAS | 2002–2003 | ≧ 155 mg/dl | 2 times in 0–48 h | [1–3] | 3-month | 476 Westerners | 234 | [1–3] | 8, 15, 28 | ||||||
| Hou D et al. 2021 [18] | Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital | 2017–2020 | ≧ 11.1 mmol/L | 4 times a day for 7–14 days | With/without PH | 1-month | 200 Chinese | 105 | With: 11; without:6 | NA | ||||||
Abbreviations: ECASS-II European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study-II, NA Not available, HICHS Helsinki Intracranial Cerebral Hemorrhage Study, ASTRAL Acute STroke Registry and Analysis of Lausanne, GLISAS Glycemia in Acute Stroke, PH Persistent hyperglycemia
a [1–4]: four patterns of hyperglycemia; 1 for admission hyperglycemia; 2 for short-duration hyperglycemia; 3 for persistent hyperglycemia; and 4 for persistent normoglycemia; b 0 h: at admission; and 24 h: 24 h after the patient admission