. 2021 Jul 16;50(1):e1–e10. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000005216

TABLE 1.

Patient Characteristics of the Four Cohorts

Characteristics	Coronavirus Disease 2019(n = 2,635)	Nonsevere Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Viral Pneumonia (n = 2,940)	Bacterial Pneumonia (n = 14,250)	Trauma (n = 15,681)	p
Age, yr	65 (56–72)	66 (57–74)^a	69 (60–77)^a	60 (42–76)^a	< 0.001
Body mass index, kg/m²	27.8 (25.2–31.1)	25.7 (22.6–30.1)^a	25.3 (22.4–29.3)^a	24.8 (22.6–27.8)^a	< 0.001
Male sex, n (%)	1,899 (72.1)	1,484 (50.5)^a	8,414 (59.0)^a	10,282 (65.6)^a	< 0.001
Lowest Pao₂/Fio₂ ratio of the first 24 hr in the ICU, mm Hg	118 (84–165)	168 (112–234)^a	146 (97–217)^a	300 (210–382)^a	< 0.001
Mechanical ventilation on ICU admission	1,272 (48.3)	1,555 (52.9)^a	5,396 (37.9)^a	4,904 (31.3)^a	< 0.001
Mechanical ventilation in first 24 hr in the ICU	2,064 (78.3)	2,043 (69.5)^a	7,768 (54.5)^a	5,363 (34.2)^a	< 0.001
Use of vasoactive medication in first 24 hr in the ICU	1,758 (66.7)	1,227 (41.7)^a	5,991 (42.0)^a	4,409 (28.1)^a	< 0.001
APACHE III Acute Physiology Score	46 (37–57)	48 (37–62)^a	53 (40–67)^a	33 (24–49)^a	< 0.001
APACHE III score	58 (46–71)	62 (49–77)^a	68 (54–84)^a	45 (31–63)^a	< 0.001
Simplified Acute Physiology Score II score	37 (29–45)	37 (30–46)	39 (31–49)^a	28 (20–39)^a	< 0.001
Medical history
Malignancy	60 (2.3)	158 (5.4)^a	1,116 (7.8)^a	201 (1.3)^a	< 0.001
Immunological insufficiency	195 (7.4)	442 (15.0)^a	2,326 (16.3)^a	364 (2.3)^a	< 0.001
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	217 (8.2)	1,382 (47.0)^a	5,110 (35.9)^a	1,152 (7.3)	< 0.001
Chronic respiratory insufficiency	104 (3.9)	503 (17.1)^a	1,846 (13.0)^a	235 (1.5)^a	< 0.001
Chronic renal failure	73 (2.8)	188 (6.4)^a	1,186 (8.3)^a	531 (3.4)	< 0.001
Chronic cardiovascular insufficiency	32 (1.2)	101 (3.4)^a	549 (3.9)^a	357 (2.3)	< 0.001
Diabetes mellitus	500 (19.0)	589 (20.0)	2,998 (21.0)	1,450 (9.2)^a	< 0.001

APACHE III = Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation III.

^ap < 0.001 compared with coronavirus disease 2019 using pairwise χ² or Wilcoxon tests.

Data presented as median (interquartile range) or n (%). p values calculated using χ² tests or Kruskal-Wallis tests across all four cohorts.