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Mechanisms of resistance from ICI treatment. 1) β2M mutations lead to loss of HLA and antigen-presenting function. 2) Additional inhibitory signals expression. 3) Little tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes present in the tumor microenvironment resulting in nonresponse. 4) Immune suppressive cells in TME. 5) Loss of IFN-γ sensitivity. 6) Formation of low immunogenicity clone under selective pressure.
