Table 1.
Percentages of childhood diagnoses (from 0 to 17 years of age) among Danish individuals born between 1993 and 1999
| Autism diagnosed in adulthood | No autism diagnosis | Comparisons | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Females N = 887 % |
Males N = 1312 % |
Median age Females/males (years) |
Females N = 226,870 % |
Males N = 233,928 % |
Median age Females/males (years) |
OR (adult autism) | OR (gender) | Interaction ΔlogOR |
|
| ADHD | 5.6 | 11.8 | 15/11 | 1.7 | 3.5 | 14/11 | 3.52*** | 0.46*** | − 0.03 |
| Affective disorders | 13.9 | 5.2 | 16/16 | 2.7 | 0.9 | 16/15 | 5.80*** | 2.91*** | 0.01 |
| Anxiety disorders | 8.2 | 3.5 | 16/14 | 1.8 | 1.0 | 15/13 | 4.88*** | 1.76*** | 0.33 |
| Conduct disorder | 1.4 | 3.6 | 12.5/10 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 13/10 | 4.66*** | 0.41*** | − 0.11 |
| Disorders of scholastic skills | 1.4 | 0.9 | 15/11.5 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 15/12 | 5.49*** | 0.63*** | 0.86* |
| Disorders of social functioning | 3.5 | 2.9 | 13/10 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 12/9 | 8.30*** | 0.78*** | 0.44 |
| Disorders of speech and language | 0.6 | 2.7 | 12/7 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 7/6 | 2.99*** | 0.43*** | − 0.72 |
| Dissociative and conversion disorders | 0.9 | < 0.4 | 15.5/NA | 0.2 | 0.0 | 15/15 | 5.68** | 4.41*** | NA |
| Eating disorders | 5.0 | 0.8 | 15/13 | 1.7 | 0.2 | 15/12 | 3.10*** | 7.84*** | − 0.24 |
| Epilepsy | 2.8 | 4.0 | 4/5 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 7/7 | 1.71*** | 0.98 | − 0.35 |
| Intellectual disability | 3.6 | 5.0 | 13/11 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 12/10 | 4.89*** | 0.73*** | − 0.01 |
| Migraine | 1.5 | 1.5 | 15/10.5 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 13/12 | 1.25 | 1.22*** | − 0.24 |
| Obsessive–compulsive disorder | 3.3 | 1.4 | 15/10 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 14/13 | 4.48*** | 1.51*** | 0.48 |
| Psychotic disorders | 3.4 | 2.5 | 16/15 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 15/15 | 5.02*** | 1.65*** | − 0.20 |
| Selective mutism | < 0.6 | 0.4 | NA/7 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 7/10 | 31.96*** | 2.21** | NA |
| Sleep disorders | 0.7 | 0.7 | 16.5/8 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 9/6 | 1.42 | 0.86*** | 0.13 |
| Somatoform disorders | 0.9 | < 0.4 | 14/NA | 0.3 | 0.1 | 14/14 | 2.99* | 3.28*** | NA |
| Stress disorders | 16.5 | 6.9 | 15/15 | 4.7 | 2.0 | 15/14 | 4.00*** | 2.37*** | 0.11 |
| Tic disorders | 1.0 | 2.6 | 15/11 | 0.3 | 0.8 | 11/10 | 4.01*** | 0.30*** | 0.23 |
| Any of the above | 38.8 | 30.7 | 12.4 | 10.5 | 4.50*** | 1.20*** | 0.17 | ||
The first three columns show childhood diagnoses among those diagnosed with autism in adulthood and the median ages at diagnosis. The middle three columns show the same information for those with no record of an autism diagnosis. The last three columns show comparisons of childhood diagnosis between those with and without an adult autism diagnosis and between females and males. Odds ratios (OR) of 1 correspond to null effects, while an OR larger than 1 indicate a higher prevalence of childhood diagnosis in females or those with an adult autism diagnosis, respectively. For the interaction effect, a Δlog(OR) of 0 corresponds to a null effect, while positive values indicate that the sex-related OR is higher in the adult autism group. Significance levels: * = p < 0.05, ** = p < 0.001, *** = p < 0.0001