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Definition
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A layer-by-layer building of material by channelling laser beams onto a thin layer of powder deposited on a fusion bed. |
Using a focused thermal energy beam to melt and fuse materials. The material is added by injecting a flow of powder and inert gas into the fusing zone through a nozzle or the mechanical feeding of wire from a spool. |
Matsumoto et al. (2016)
Widener et al. (2016)
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Types of process
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Selective laser melting (SLM), direct metal laser sintering (DMLS), selective laser sintering (SLS) and electron beam melting (EBM). |
Laser engineered net shaping (LENS), shaped metal deposition (SMD), laser cladding and cold spray. |
Kok et al. (2017)
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Repair principles
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The damaged part is scanned to obtain the point cloud and converted to a 3D CAD model. The slice is then generated from the new solid, and the damaged parts are remanufactured by building new parts. |
The restoration process involves four stages: pre-machining of the damaged zone, material deposition, post-machining on back-filling material and performance testing. |
Liu et al. (2016); Lyalyakin, Kostukov & Denisov (2016)
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Example of application in repair and restoration
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Corroded transmission gearboxes in aircrafts, corroded air pump housings in the automotive industry, valve actuators in the marine industry and moulds. |
Gas turbine burner tip, sewing machine gears. |
Matsumoto et al. (2016); Widener et al. (2016); Kok et al. (2017); Lyalyakin, Kostukov & Denisov (2016); Yin et al. (2018); Lee et al. (2007); Okaro et al. (2019); Greving et al. (2016); Wuest et al. (2016). |
