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. 2021 Nov 30;12:720911. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.720911

TABLE 5.

The results of logistic regression analysis of SDL ability and depression, anxiety, and stress among students (n = 5,558).

Dependent variable Independent variable Group Prevalence (%) Model 1
Model 2
Model 3
R2/AR2 P OR 95% CI R2/AR2 P OR 95% CI R2/AR2 P OR 95% CI
Depression Self- management ability Q1 783 (58.78) 0.140/0.192 Ref. 0.159/0.219 Ref. 0.174/0.240 Ref.
Q2 454 (41.58) <0.001 0.595 0.500-0.708 <0.001 0.595 0.498-0.710 <0.001 0.635 0.531-0.759
Q3 436 (30.47) <0.001 0.459 0.381-0.554 <0.001 0.465 0.384-0.562 <0.001 0.504 0.415-0.611
Q4 281 (16.50) <0.001 0.290 0.233-0.363 <0.001 0.291 0.233-0.365 <0.001 0.312 0.248-0.392
Information capability Q1 497 (59.74) Ref. Ref. Ref.
Q2 736 (46.06) <0.001 0.682 0.565-0.822 <0.001 0.676 0.559-0.817 <0.001 0.654 0.540-0.794
Q3 491 (32.82) <0.001 0.551 0.450-0.675 <0.001 0.549 0.446-0.675 <0.001 0.560 0.454-0.690
Q4 230 (14.09) <0.001 0.233 0.182-0.299 <0.001 0.220 0.171-0.284 <0.001 0.233 0.181-0.301
Cooperative learning ability Q2 569 (45.56) Ref. Ref. Ref.
Q1 554 (55.57) 0.001 1.383 1.147-1.668 0.003 1.331 1.100-1.611 0.001 1.382 1.138-1.678
Q3 482 (28.59) 0.616 0.954 0.794-1.147 0.516 0.94 0.779-1.133 0.822 0.978 0.809-1.183
Q4 349 (21.46) 0.076 1.224 0.979-1.531 0.196 1.162 0.926-1.459 0.051 1.257 0.999-1.583
Anxiety Self-management ability Q1 744 (55.86) 0.098/0.134 Ref. 0.120/0.165 Ref. 0.135/0.184 Ref.
Q2 432 (39.57) <0.001 0.602 0.507-0.715 <0.001 0.601 0.504-0.716 <0.001 0.639 0.535-0.764
Q3 495 (34.59) <0.001 0.596 0.496-0.716 <0.001 0.6 0.498-0.723 <0.001 0.653 0.540-0.789
Q4 348 (20.43) <0.001 0.390 0.315-0.483 <0.001 0.39 0.313-0.485 <0.001 0.421 0.338-0.525
Information capability Q1 455 (54.69)
Q2 756 (47.31) 0.021 0.805 0.670-0.968 0.020 0.800 0.663-0.965 0.011 0.781 0.646-0.945
Q3 523 (34.96) <0.001 0.599 0.490-0.731 <0.001 0.602 0.491-0.738 <0.001 0.616 0.501-0.757
Q4 285 (17.46) <0.001 0.272 0.214-0.346 <0.001 0.261 0.204-0.333 <0.001 0.276 0.216-0.353
Cooperative learning ability Q2 580 (46.44) Ref. Ref. Ref.
Q1 498 (49.95) 0.295 1.104 0.917-1.328 0.534 1.062 0.879-1.282 0.332 1.100 0.908-1.332
Q3 532 (31.55) 0.824 0.980 0.818-1.174 0.728 0.968 0.805-1.163 0.931 1.008 0.837-1.214
Q4 409 (25.15) 0.058 1.233 0.993-1.532 0.164 1.170 0.938-1.459 0.042 1.260 1.008-1.576
Stress Self-management ability Q1 380 (28.53) 0.068/0.113 Ref. 0.085/0.142 Ref. 0.098/0.163 Ref.
Q2 208 (19.05) <0.001 0.631 0.513-0.778 <0.001 0.609 0.493-0.754 <0.001 0.649 0.523-0.805
Q3 203 (14.19) <0.001 0.522 0.414-0.657 <0.001 0.532 0.421-0.672 <0.001 0.579 0.457-0.733
Q4 167 (9.81) <0.001 0.435 0.331-0.572 <0.001 0.445 0.338-0.587 <0.001 0.482 0.364-0.637
Information capability Q1 316 (37.98) Ref. Ref. Ref.
Q2 272 (17.02) <0.001 0.456 0.369-0.563 <0.001 0.448 0.361-0.555 <0.001 0.444 0.357-0.553
Q3 229 (15.31) <0.001 0.444 0.352-0.561 <0.001 0.442 0.349-0.562 <0.001 0.454 0.357-0.578
Q4 141 (8.64) <0.001 0.267 0.199-0.358 <0.001 0.254 0.188-0.342 <0.001 0.272 0.202-0.368
Cooperative learning ability Q2 190 (15.21) Ref. Ref. Ref.
Q1 327 (32.80) <0.001 2.099 1.674-2.630 <0.001 2.006 1.594-2.526 <0.001 2.002 1.583-2.532
Q3 260 (15.42) 0.001 1.612 1.270-2.047 <0.001 1.554 1.219-1.981 <0.001 1.600 1.252-2.044
Q4 181 (11.13) <0.001 1.665 1.245-2.227 0.004 1.535 1.143-2.063 0.001 1.674 1.243-2.255

R2, R-squared; AR2, Adjusted R-squared; CI, Confidence interval. Model 1: Crude; Model 2: adjust for gender, age, school type and grade; Model 3: adjust for gender, age, school type, grade, birthplace, students’ daily online learning time, students’ satisfaction with teacher preparations, and students’ satisfaction with online learning effects.