Table 2.
Effect of PeerAID intervention on 12-month diabetes self-management behaviors, King County, Washington, 2010–2014
| Unadjusted | Adjusted | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | Intervention | Intervention effect | |||||||
| Continuous self-management behaviors | Baseline | 12-months | Within group change | Baseline | 12-months | Within group change | p-values | ||
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Diffa | 95% CI | ||||
| Eating behaviors (days/week) | |||||||||
| General diet | 3.8 (2.5) | 4.7 (2.2) | 0.84b | 4.1 (2.2) | 5.4 (1.7) | 1.29b | 0.54 | 0.07, 1.01 | 0.03 |
| Specific diet | 3.6 (1.9) | 4.2 (1.9) | 0.57b | 3.8 (1.8) | 4.6 (1.8) | 0.78b | 0.32 | −0.11, 0.75 | 0.14 |
| Carbohydrate spacing | 4.7 (2.8) | 5.5 (2.5) | 0.74b | 4.8 (2.7) | 5.8 (2.3) | 0.99b | 0.21 | −0.36, 0.78 | 0.46 |
| Physical activity (minutes/week) | 240.1 (364.1) | 199.9 (350.0) | −40.2 | 271.3 (421.6) | 344.2 (455.6) | 72.8 | 141.4 | 46.4, 236.4 | 0.004 |
| Blood glucose monitoring (days/ week) | 3.7 (2.9) | 3.9 (2.9) | 0.15 | 3.1 (2.9) | 3.8 (2.9) | 0.71b | 0.37 | −0.25, 0.98 | 0.24 |
| Foot care (days/week) | 4.2 (2.3) | 5.4 (2.2) | 1.17b | 4.0 (2.3) | 5.2 (2.1) | 1.26b | −0.09 | −0.58, 0.41 | 0.74 |
| Medication taking | 5.8 (1.8) | 6.1 (1.8) | 0.30 | 5.8 (1.9) | 6.1 (1.9) | 0.39b | 0.04 | −0.37, 0.45 | 0.84 |
| Control | Intervention | Intervention effect | |||||||
| Dichotomous self-management behaviors | Baseline | 12-months | Baseline | 12-months | p-values | ||||
| N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | RRa | 95% CI | ||||
| Eating behaviors | |||||||||
| Skipping meals a few times a month or less | 70 (52.6) | 76 (57.1) | 49 (37.7) | 84 (64.6)b | 1.24 | 1.02, 1.50 | 0.03 | ||
| Preparing meals mostly at home | 107 (82.9) | 96 (74.4)b | 109 (85.8) | 113 (89.0) | 1.19 | 1.07, 1.34 | 0.002 | ||
| Overeating a few times a month or less | 97 (74.0) | 97 (74.0) | 90 (69.2) | 101 (77.7) | 1.04 | 0.91, 1.18 | 0.59 | ||
| Current nonsmoker | 103 (77.4) | 105 (78.9) | 98 (75.4) | 101 (77.7) | 1.01 | 0.93, 1.08 | 0.88 |
CI confidence interval; Diff difference from linear regression model; RR relative risk from modified Poisson regression model (control is reference); SD standard deviation.
aAdjusted for baseline value of the self-management behavior, baseline body mass index, and study site.
bWithin-group baseline to 12-month changes in self-management behaviors significant at the p < 0.05 level.