Sample locations and populations. The numbers represent the protected area where, in the northwestern population, 1 is Ranthambore Tiger Reserve (n = 11), 2 is Sariska Tiger Reserve (n = 7); in the southern India population, 3 is Bandipur Tiger Reserve (n = 3), 4 is Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary (n = 6), 12 is Nagarhole Tiger Reserve (n = 2), 5 is Periyar Tiger Reserve (n = 1); in the central cluster, 6 is Kanha Tiger Reserve (n = 9), 7 is Corbett Tiger Reserve (n = 2), 8 is Lalgarh Range (n = 1), 10 is Sunderban Tiger Reserve (n = 2), 11 is Bor Tiger Reserve (n = 1), 13 is Chitwan National Park (n = 1), 14 is Chandrapur (n = 1); in the northeastern population, 9 is Kaziranga Tiger Reserve (n = 4); and Zoo (51) is Nanadankanan Zoo (n = 5).