Table 1.

Viruses reported to use NRPs as cellular entry factors

Virus	NRP	Other receptor	Viral NRP-binding protein	Furin cleavage site	Infected cell lines and cells in vivo	Viral family	Genome	Host	Disease	Refs.
SARS-CoV-2	NRP-1	ACE2	S	Yes	HEK,* Caco2, Calu-3	Coronaviridae	+RNA	Human	SARS	33, 34
HTLV1	NRP-1	Glut-1, HSPG	Env	Yes	HeLa, DCs, T cells	Retroviridae	+RNA/DNA	Human	T cell leukemia	35, 36
EBV	NRP-1	Ephr-A2	gB	Yes	Nasopharyngeal epithelial cells	Herpesviridae	DNA	Human	Nasopharyngeal cancer, lymphomas, mononucleosis	37, 38
mCMV	NRP-1	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	Endothelial cells	Herpesviridae	DNA	Mouse	Mostly asymptomatic	39
hCMV	NRP-2	CD46	Pentamer	n.d.	Nasopharyngeal epithelial and endothelial cells	Herpesviridae	DNA	Human	Birth complications, mononucleosis	40
LUJV	NRP-2	CD63/LAMP1	GP	n.d.	Hap1, HEK, endothelial	Arenaviridae	−RNA	Human	Fatal hemorrhagic fever	41, 42

SARS, severe acute respiratory syndrome; DCs, dendritic cells; n.d., not determined.

*HEK cells are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 only after exogenous expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2.