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. 2021 Nov 30;12:758227. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.758227

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Copyright © 2021 Xiao, Liu, Pei, Sun, Jin, Yang and Wang

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Ct triggers immune cells to enhance the production of IL-22 in the ileal lamina propria. Ileal slices were stained with IL-22 (red), IL-22RA1 (green), EpCAM (violet), CD45 (yellow), and DAPI (blue). (A) In situ hybridization of IL-22, IL-22RA1, EpCAM, and CD45. (B) Colocalization of EpCAM, CD45, and IL-22 in the epithelial position, crypt, and lamina propria, respectively. White triangle: localization, yellow arrow: epithelial cells, white arrow: crypt, red arrow: lamina propria. (C) Analysis of IL-22⁺EpCAM⁺ and CD45⁺IL-22⁺ cells. (D) Colocalization of IL-22 and IL-22RA1. Scale bar: 100 μm. Data were presented as mean ± SEM. The significant difference was analyzed by two-way unpaired t-tests. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01.