| Tourdes, 1848 [177] |
Europe |
Case series |
239 |
73% |
No drug therapy |
| Barthez, 1855 [177] |
Europe |
Case series |
29 |
89% |
No drug therapy |
| Ritchie, 1872 [4] |
Europe |
Case series |
8 |
63% |
Iron with citric-acid, nutritional support |
| Springer, 1904 [177] |
Europe |
Case series |
88 |
94% |
Wound debridement |
| Gupta, 1945 [44] |
India |
Case series |
79 |
49% |
Pentavalent antimony (treatment of leishmaniasis), nutritional support, vitamins, blood transfusions, local antiseptic treatment |
| Jelliffe, 1952 [37] |
Nigeria |
Case series |
53 |
30% |
Penicillin |
| Mehrotra, 1966 [49] |
India |
Case series |
20 |
15% |
Antibiotics, multivitamins, high protein diet, sequestrectomy, plastic reconstructive surgeries |
| Adekeye and Ord, 1978–1982 [13] |
Nigeria |
Case series |
13 |
0% |
Antibiotics |
| Bourgeois, 1981–93 [13] |
Senegal |
Case series |
73 |
10% |
Drug therapy, kind of treatment not specified |
| Oginni, 1982–96 [13] |
Nigeria |
Case series |
133 |
0% |
Drug therapy, kind of treatment not specified |
| Nath, 1998 [15] |
Zambia |
Retrospective chart review |
117 |
20% |
Nutrition, wound care |
| Chidzonga, 1996 [48] |
Zimbabwe |
Case series |
8 |
38% |
Antibiotics, wound debridement, removed mobile teeth, irrigated wounds |
| Millogo, 2012 [122] |
Burkina Faso |
Retrospective chart review |
212 |
HIV 38%; non- HIV patients 6% |
Antibiotics, anti-retroviral therapy |
| Konsem, 2014 [104] |
Burkina Faso |
Retrospective chart review |
55 |
15% |
Antibiotics |
| Braimah, 2017 [147] |
Nigeria |
Retrospective chart review |
159 |
25% |
Antibiotics |
