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The multiple effects of VA in ASD. In the nervous system, VAD can lead to amnesia, cognitive impairment, and social impairment. In the GI system, VAD affects GI bacteria, causing associated symptoms. In the immune system, VAD can lead to a decrease in serum 5-HT and OXT through the CD38-OXT pathway. In addition, the nervous system and the GI system can interact with each other by modulating the microbiota-gut-brain axis.
