Fig. 4.

Osteochondral defects repaired by bi-layered scaffold loading dual-phase inducers [62]. (A) Scheme of a biphasic hydrogel with controllable release of stem cell differentiation inducer molecules, kartogenin for cartilage repair, and melatonin for bone regeneration for simultaneous repair of osteochondral defect. (B) Gross images of articular specimens were obtained in week 4, 8, and 12. The scale bar is 5 mm. (C) 2D micro-CT images of specimens in week 4, 8, and 12. Scale bar is 5 mm. Reproduced with permission [62]. Copyright 2020, Elsevier B.V.