Table 1:
Characteristics of the eight NPS evaluated during this study.
| Name | Drug Class | Synonyms | Reddit Keywords |
Date Added to Toxicology Test* |
Analytical Cutoff |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carfentanil | Opioid | Carfentanyl | “carfent” | October 2016 | 0.1 ng/mL |
| U-47700 | Opioid | N/A | “u4”, “u-4”, “u47”, “U- 44770”, and “47700” | October 2016 | 0.2 ng/mL |
| Eutylone | Stimulant | N-ethyl butylone, bk- EBDB | N/A | March 2016 | 5 ng/mL |
| Flualprazolam | Benzodiazepine | N/A | “flualp” | October 2018* | 2 ng/mL |
| N-Ethylpentylone | Stimulant | Ephylone, bk-EBDP | “ephylone” | May 2017* | 10 ng/mL |
| 5F-MDMB-PICA | Cannabinoid | MDMB-2201 | N/A | March 2018* | 0.1 ng/mL |
| Isotonitazene | Opioid | N/A | N/A | September 2019* | 0.1 ng/mL |
| Brorphine | Opioid | N/A | N/A | September 2019* | 0.1 ng/mL |
*
Retrospective data-mining was performed to ensure drug positivity was not missed prior to included in toxicology testing scope.