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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Environ Res. 2021 Oct 30;204(Pt C):112316. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112316

Figure 1. Effect of Air Pollution on CNS Cells & EVs Release.

Figure 1.

Air pollution triggers microglia activation and reactive astrocytes inducing neuronal inflammation/excitation and oligodendrocyte dysfunction. It results in the increased release of EVs from glial and neuronal cells. EVs can cross the BBB to enter the systemic circulation whereby, they may be isolated from blood/plasma and identified through centrifugation, filtering, or immunoprecipitation with cell-type specific antibodies for molecular analyses. PM2.5: Particulate matter with diameter < 2.5 μm. (Allen et al., 2017; Chen et al., 2020; Liddelow et al., 2017)