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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Soc Sci Med. 2021 Oct 12;291:114484. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114484

Table 2.

Characteristics of working men and women with caregiving needs1 by welfare regime type2

Type I: Dual earner-dual carer, low market penalty for women (n3=1984)
Type II: Traditional family with high support expenditure, high market penalty for women (n=4725)
Type III: Traditional family with low support expenditure, high market penalty for women (n=4875)
Type IV: Market-oriented, low market penalty for women (n=1992)
Type V: Market-oriented, high market penalty for women (n=1049)
Characteristics Men (n=976) Women (n=1008) Men (n=2191) Women (n=2534) Men (n=2402) Women (n=2473) Men (n=893) Women (n=1099) Men (n=549) Women (n=500)

Poor-quality employment, % (95%CI) 16.1 (14.6–17.6) 26.0 (22.0–30.1) 12.2 (9.3–15.0) 38.6 (29.6–47.5) 22.9 (21.8–24.0) 37.5 (33.8–41.1) 22.3 (21.8–22.9) 40.0 (39.0–40.9) 17.2 (9.9–24.6) 36.3 (33.7–39.0)
Self-rated health, Poor/fair, % (95%CI) 1.2 (0.7–1.8) 2.8 (1.8–3.7) 1.8 (1.1–2.4) 2.1 (1.3–3.0) 1.3 (0.9–1.6) 3.7 (2.9–4.6) 8.2 (3.2–13.1) 10.1 (4.9–15.4) 0.9 (0.8–1.0) 1.5 (1.2–1.8)
Age, mean (95%CI) 41.5 (41.0–41.9) 41.3 (39.5–43.0) 41.1 (40.5–41.8) 40.8 (39.7–41.8) 42.8 (41.8–43.7) 42.7 (41.1–44.3) 39.7 (39.4–39.9) 39.8 (39.6–39.9) 41.7 (41.0–42.3) 40.2 (40.1–40.3)

Notes.

1

Workers who live with at least one person who is not the spouse or partner.

2

All statistics were calculated with sample weights that accounted for the relative size of the workforce in each of the countries.

3

All sample sizes are unweighted.