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. 2021 Dec 14;11:23921. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-03154-6

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Scatterplots of calibrated ID50 (Panel A) and ID80 (Panel B) titers from the Duke and Monogram labs demonstrating performance of the three calibration approaches using vaccine recipient samples collected at Day 29 (turquoise) and Day 57 (orange), 4 weeks post the first and the second mRNA-1273 vaccine doses, respectively. The arithmetic mean-based calibration factor was used in Approach 1. The concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) and 95% confidence intervals indicate the level of agreement between the x- and y-axis values. ID50, ID80: ID50, ID80 titers calibrated to the WHO International Standard, expressed in International Units per ml (IU50/ml for ID50; IU80/ml for ID80) (Approach 1). BIVN-ID50, BIVN-ID80: ID50, ID80 titers from each lab calibrated to a common scale using an independent pool of clinical samples, assuming a bivariate normal distribution for the readouts from the two labs (Approach 2). REG-ID50, REG-ID80: ID50, ID80 titers from the non-reference lab (Duke) calibrated to the reference lab (Monogram) using an independent pool of clinical samples, based on regressing titers from the reference lab on the non-reference lab (Approach 3).