Table 2.
qpAdm models for sex-biased admixture estimated using the autosomes and the X chromosome.
| Population | Autosomes | X chromosome | Z-score for X-autosome difference | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nilotic-related | West Eurasian-related | Std. Err. | P-value | Nilotic-related | West Eurasian-related | Std. Err. | P-value | ||
| Kulubnarti | 42.5% | 57.5% | 0.3% | 0.435 | 35.60% | 64.4% | 1.8% | 0.988 | 3.78 |
| Kulubnarti_S | 43.2% | 56.8% | 0.4% | 0.289 | 36.20% | 63.8% | 1.7% | 0.970 | 4.01 |
| Kulubnarti_R | 42.3% | 57.7% | 0.4% | 0.382 | 33.70% | 66.3% | 2.9% | 0.638 | 2.94 |
‘O9’ + Anatolia_EBA used as the reference set (“Methods”). Ancestry proportions and standard error computed by qpAdm; Z-score represents difference in West Eurasian-related ancestry between the autosomes and X chromosome; the Z-score is positive if there is more West Eurasian-related ancestry on the X chromosome (i.e., female-biased ancestry); formula for Z-score calculation in “Methods”. We use Dinka and Levant_BAIA as proxy sources for Nilotic-related and West Eurasian-related ancestry, respectively.