Table 3.
Univariate analysis of clinical and sociodemographic variables associated with CSP and final model of multivariate analysis with significant associated variables with CSP.
| Variables | β-coefficient | 95% CI | Unadjusted p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | − 0.488 | − 1.117 to 0.14 | 0.127 | |
| Gender | 0.390 | − 15.80 to 16.59 | 0.962 | |
| Time of ongoing pain (months) | 0.00647 | − 0.055 to 0.068 | 0.836 | |
| Weight (kg) | 0.296 | − 0.088 to 0.68 | 0.13 | |
| Height (m) | − 28.001 | − 92.556 to 36.555 | 0.392 | |
| BMI | 1.510 | 0.408 to 2.618 | 0.008 | |
| Kellgren–Lawrence classification | ||||
| Right | 1.880 | − 3.25 to 7.01 | 0.469 | |
| Left | 4.690 | − 0.477 to 9.859 | 0.075 | |
| Average total | 4.089 | − 1.26 to 9.44 | 0.133 | |
| Knee arthroplasty | ||||
| Right | 27.160 | − 17.49 to 71.81 | 0.23 | |
| Left | − 40.940 | − 76.966 to − 4.92 | 0.026 | |
| Ten-minute walking test | 0.580 | − 0.288 to 1.45 | 0.188 | |
| Six-minute walking test (distance in m) | − 0.036 | − 0.091 to 0.019 | 0.199 | |
| Timed up-and-go | 0.136 | − 0.65 to 0.92 | 0.731 | |
| Berg balance scale | − 0.567 | − 1.29 to 0.159 | 0.125 | |
| Epworth sleepiness scale | 1.268 | 0.26 to 2.27 | 0.014 | |
| Medical research council scale average | − 6.508 | − 16.507 to 3.49 | 0.2 | |
| WOMAC stiffness | − 0.035 | − 3.078 to 3.0074 | 0.982 | |
| WOMAC physical function | 0.270 | − 0.16 to 0.70 | 0.217 | |
| WOMAC pain | 1.237 | − 0.27 to 2.749 | 0.108 | |
| Pain pressure threshold (kPa) | ||||
| Knee | ||||
| Right | 0.174 | − 2.194 to 2.541 | 0.885 | |
| Left | − 0.046 | − 2.493 to 2.402 | 0.971 | |
| Bilateral | 0.070 | − 2.378 to 2.518 | 0.955 | |
| Upper Limb | ||||
| Right | − 0.326 | − 3.277 to 2.62 | 0.827 | |
| Left | − 0.420 | − 2.898 to 2.81 | 0.977 | |
| Bilateral | − 0.190 | − 3.199 to 2.81 | 0.899 | |
| Conditioned pain modulation (kPa) | 2.889 | − 2.297 to 8.077 | 0.271 | |
| Visual analogue scale | ||||
| Right | 1.880 | − 0.23 to 3.99 | 0.08 | |
| Left | 0.640 | − 1.52 to 2.81 | 0.558 | |
| Bilateral | 2.369 | − 0.54 to 5.28 | 0.11 | |
| Pain Catastrophizing Scale | 0.345 | − 0.21 to 0.90 | 0.223 | |
| HAM-D Scale | 0.789 | − 0.308 to 1.886 | 0.157 | |
| Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale | ||||
| Anxiety | 0.900 | − 0.53 to 2.34 | 0.216 | |
| Depression | 0.073 | − 1.65 to 1.798 | 0.933 | |
| Montreal cognitive assessment | ||||
| Education Level (years) | − 0.529 | 2.206 to 1.147 | 0.533 | |
| Total score | − 1.099 | − 2.328 to 0.13 | 0.079 | |
| Model 4. Multivariate Analysis for CSP (ms) | Adjusted p-value | R-Squared: 0.2120 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | − 0.929 | − 1.678 to -0.181 | 0.016 | |
| Education | 4.907 | − 4.580 to 14.395 | 0.306 | |
| Kellgren Lawrence classification Average | 6.755 | 0.662 to 12.848 | 0.030 | |
| MoCA total | − 2.106 | − 3.64 to -0.568 | 0.008 | |
| HAD-anxiety | − 0.434 | − 2.118 to 1.250 | 0.609 |