Table 2:
Baseline dietary intake of protein sources and other selected food groups and nutrients among Puerto Rican adults residing in Boston, Massachusettsa
| Total | Less than recommended protein intakeb at baseline | Greater than or equal to recommended protein intake at baseline | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total; n (%) | 1126 (100) | 184 (16.3) | 942 (83.7) | |
| Median (IQR)c | Median (IQR)c | Median (IQR)c | p-valued | |
| Unprocessed red meat (servings/day) | 0.25 (0.16, 0.39) | 0.24 (0.19, 0.32) | 0.25 (0.14, 0.42) | 0.76 |
| Unprocessed poultry (servings/day) | 0.20 (0.12, 0.35) | 0.16 (0.12, 0.23) | 0.22 (0.11, 0.37) | <0.001 |
| Processed meat (servings/day) % | 0.37 (0.20, 0.59) | 0.41 (0.32, 0.49) | 0.36 (0.17, 0.62) | 0.03 |
| Milk and yogurt (servings/day) | 1.25 (0.69, 1.94) | 1.22 (0.82, 1.76) | 1.26 (0.64, 2.00) | 0.95 |
| Cheese (servings/day) | 0.42 (0.24, 0.67) | 0.42 (0.32, 0.55) | 0.41 (0.21, 0.70) | 0.24 |
| Eggs (servings/day) | 0.13 (0.07, 0.25) | 0.13 (0.10, 0.23) | 0.12 (0.05, 0.26) | 0.01 |
| Fish and seafood (servings/day) | 0.14 (0.08, 0.23) | 0.14 (0.11, 0.19) | 0.14 (0.07, 0.24) | 0.49 |
| Beans (servings/day) | 0.30 (0.17, 0.47) | 0.32 (0.23, 0.42) | 0.29 (0.15, 0.50) | 0.08 |
| Nuts (servings/day) | 0.08 (0.01, 0.14) | 0.11 (0.09, 0.14) | 0.06 (0.00, 0.14) | <0.001 |
| Total carbohydrates (g/day) | 262 (241, 286) | 270 (255, 286) | 260 (236, 286) | <0.001 |
| Total fat (g/day) | 74.7 (67.2, 81.7) | 72.4 (67.4, 77.5) | 75.5 (67.1, 82.8) | 0.001 |
| Energy (kcal/day) | 1933 (1406, 2530) | 1059 (901, 1288) | 2124 (1639, 2687) | <0.001 |
| Whole grains (servings/day) | 0.72 (0.30, 1.38) | 0.62 (0.32, 1.06) | 0.75 (0.28, 1.44) | 0.09 |
| Vegetables (servings/day) | 1.62 (1.09, 2.29) | 1.43 (1.05, 1.81) | 1.67 (1.10, 2.34) | 0.001 |
| Fruit (servings/day) | 0.40 (0.24, 0.81) | 0.41 (0.32, 0.65) | 0.39 (0.24, 0.86) | 0.45 |
| Omega-3 fatty acids (g/day) | 1.57 (1.37, 1.84) | 1.48 (1.37, 1.66) | 1.58 (1.36, 1.87) | 0.001 |
| Sodium (g/day) | 4469 (3923, 5096) | 4428 (4119, 4902) | 4476 (3856, 5165) | 0.86 |
| Total protein (g/day) | 81.5 (58.4, 108) | 42.1 (35.3, 47.8) | 87.9 (69.8, 116) | <0.001 |
All values aside from energy and total protein are adjusted for total energy intake. All protein groups (servings/day) and other dietary measures were assessed at baseline and compared by the recommended (g/day) value of protein. Intake of food groups and nutrients were assessed using semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire adapted to the Puerto Rican dietary pattern that estimated dietary intake over the past 12 months.
Recommended daily protein intake from Richter et al. (2019) for females is 48 g/day for ages 25 to less than 51 years, 47 g/day for ages 51 to less than 65 years, and 57 g/day for ages. 65 years and older. Recommended daily protein intake for males is 57 g/day for ages 25 to less than 51 years, 55 g/day for ages 51 to less than 65 years, and 67 g/day for ages. 65 years and older.
IQR=inter-quartile range
p-values calculated from the Wilcoxon rank sum test