Table 1.
Clinical characteristics and risk factors of critically ill patients with COVID-19, with and without SBI.
| All patients (N = 32) | SBI (N = 5) | Non-SBI (N = 27) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All patients | 5 (15.63%) | 27 (84.37%) | ||
| Baseline factors | ||||
| Age (years), mean ± SD | 63.34 ± 12.48 | 66.20 ± 8.23 | 62.81 ± 13.04 | 0.506 |
| Sex (male), n (%) | 20 (62.5) | 3 (60) | 17 (62.96) | 0.338 |
| Known risk factors | ||||
| BMI >30 kg/m2, n (%) | 1 (3.13) | 0 | 1 (3.70) | 1 |
| Advanced age (>60 years), n (%) | 21 (65.63) | 4 (80) | 17 (62.96) | 0.637 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 16 (50) | 3 (60) | 13 (48.15) | 1 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 10 (31.25) | 2 (40) | 8 (29.63) | 0.637 |
| Chronic renal disease | ||||
| Renal transplant | 1 (3.13) | 0 | 1 (3.70) | 1 |
| Uremia/hemodialysis | 2 (6.25) | 0 | 2 (7.41) | 1 |
| Hepatitis B cirrhosis, n (%) | 1 (3.13) | 0 | 1 (3.70) | 1 |
| Critical illness, n (%) | 24 (75) | 5 (100) | 19 (70.37) | 0.296 |
| Risk factors | ||||
| Corticosteroids | 21 (65.63) | 3 (60) | 15 (55.56) | 1 |
| CS>7 days, n (%) | 16 (50) | 3 (60) | 13 (48.15) | 1 |
| Cumulative dose of CS (mg), average (range) | 512 (80–1136) | 640 (560–720) | 462 (80–1136) | 0.593 |
| Duration of corticosteroids (days), average (range) | 14 (1–26) | 10 (10–16) | 14.5 (1–26) | |
| CRRT, n (%) | 7 (21.86) | 3 (60) | 4 (14.81) | 0.057 |
| Vasopressors, n (%) | 10 (31.25) | 3 (60) | 7 (25.93) | 0.087 |
| Mechanical ventilation, n (%) | ||||
| Endotracheal intubation | 14 (43.75) | 4 (80) | 10 (37.04) | 0.142 |
| Tracheotomy | 2 (6.25) | 2 (40) | 0 (0) | 0.02* |
| Non-invasive ventilation | 18 (56.25) | 1 (20) | 17 (62.96) | 0.142 |
| ECMO, n (%) | 4 (12.5) | 3 (60) | 1 (3.7) | 0.008* |
| Central venous catheterization | 14 (43.75) | 5 (100) | 9 (33.33) | 0.01* |
| Indwelling urethral catheter | 14 (43.75) | 5 (100) | 9 (33.33) | 0.01* |
| Indwelling nasogastric tube | 14 (43.75) | 5 (100) | 9 (33.33) | 0.01* |
| Pneumonia (bacterial or fungal), n (%) | 9 (28.13) | 4 (80) | 5 (18.52) | 0.015* |
| Alive at hospital discharge, n (%) | 23 (71.88) | 3 (60) | 20 (74.07) | 0.121 |
| Duration of disease (days), mean ± SD | 44.03 ± 16.56 | 31.60 ± 13.20 | 41.96 ± 17.93 | 0.121 |
| Duration before admission to ICU, mean ± SD | 19.43 ± 9.71 | 19.2 ± 6.04 | 19.48 ± 10.29 | 0.932 |
| Length of ICU stay (days), mean ± SD | 18.53 ± 13.09 | 31.60 ± 9.22 | 16.11 ± 12.24 | 0.023* |
| Length of hospital stay (days), mean ± SD | 37.56 ± 13.62 | 49.80 ± 10.13 | 35.29 ± 12.97 | 0.042* |
*P < 0.05.
SBI, secondary bloodstream infection; ICU, intensive care unit; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; CRRT, continuous renal replacement therapy; CS, corticosteroids; SD, standard deviation; BMI body mass index.