TABLE 1.

Pro-inflammatory markers associated with the intestinal microbiota (Schirmer et al., 2016; Chen et al., 2017; Gou et al., 2020).

Marker	Family	Main sources	Function
Interleukin 1b	IL-1	Macrophages	Pro-inflammation, pro-differentiation, apoptosis
Interleukin 8	CXC	Macrophages, epithelial cells, monocytes	Pro-inflammation, chemotaxis, angiogenesis
Interleukin 10	IL-10	Monocytes, T cells, B cells	Anti-inflammation, inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines
Interleukin 12	IL-12	Dendritic cells, epithelial cells, neutrophils	Pro-inflammation, cell differentiation, NK cells activation
Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)	TNF	Macrophages, NK cells, adipocytes, CD4 (+) T lymphocytes	Pro-inflammation, cytokine production, cell proliferation, anti-infection
Interferon Type 1	IFN-1	Dendritic cells	Pro-inflammation, innate immunity