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. 2021 Dec 14;11(12):e049451. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049451

Table 5.

Knowledge of CVD

Knowledge area Correct responses (%)
CVD risks
1 Heart disease can be prevented 84.0
2 Cigarette smoking can cause heart disease and stroke 92.8
3 There is greater risk for heart disease in elderly 80.9
4 People with high blood pressure should avoid salt in their diets. 78.5
5 If people quit smoking it reduces the risk of heart disease 88.9
6 Salty food makes causes high blood pressure 74.6
7 High blood pressure is a risk factor for heart disease 74.1
8 Fatty foods do not increase blood cholesterol levels 48.5
9 More than three meals per week of red meat is not good for your health 67.5
10 Eating fruit and vegetables every day is beneficial 93.0
11 Overweight people are more likely to have heart disease 75.5
12 Regular exercise reduces risk of heart disease 90.8
13 Regular walking can reduce risk of heart disease 88.5
14 Stress and sadness increase the risk of heart disease 78.8
15 Under stressful situations, blood pressure will increase 80.5
16 Heavy alcohol use does not affect your blood pressure. 45.8
17 High cholesterol is a risk factor for heart disease 67.6
18 Diabetes is a risk factor for heart disease 62.8
19 Heart disease in your family will increase your risk of heart disease 50.2
CVD symptoms
20 Shortness of breath may be a sign of heart disease. 59.4
21 Feeling chest pain or discomfort can be a sign of heart disease 52.5
CVD prevention, treatment and control
22 To keep blood pressure under control will reduce the risk of heart disease 76.8
23 People with high blood pressure need to use blood pressure medicine for life 55.9
24 People with high cholesterol need to take medication 72.0
25 People with diabetes need to control sugar intake 91.9
26 People should only get their blood pressure checked if they have chest pain or headaches 43.0
27 If you have high blood pressure taking a medicine for 1 month can cure you 46.8
Knowledge score (mean and SD) 19.3 (4.8)

Good CVD knowledge (71.1%), moderate CVD knowledge (20.5%) and poor CVD knowledge (8.4%)

CVD, cardiovascular disease.