TABLE 3.
The class and list of β blocking agents.
| Mode of action | Drug | IOP reduction | Current market status | Usage, dosage | Mechanism | Side effects (ocular) | Side effects (systematic) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nonselective β blocking agents | Timolol | 27–35% | On the market | Twice daily | Reducing aqueous humour formation | Conjunctival hyperemia; Ocular surface discomfort; Reduction in tear flow | Bradycardia; Heart block; Arrhythmia; Bronchospasm; Worsening of underlying asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
| Carteolol | |||||||
| Selective β-1 blocking agents | Betaxolol | 18–26% | |||||
| Selective β-2 blocking agents | Bamosiran | — | Phase II | Once daily |