Table 3.
Characteristics of the Studies Included
| Author | Design | Country | (Intervention)No. of patients with treatment | (Comparator)No. of patients without treatment | Time since injury | GHD/non-GHD | GCS (Mean, SD) | Age(Years, mean, SD) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High et al.30 | RCT | USA | 12 | 11 | WO (5.1 years SD:3.6) W (11.0 years SD:3.2) |
GHD | WO (6.6, SD:3.6) W (5.8, SD:3.4) |
W: 36.1 (10) WO: 39.1 (8.5) |
| Dubiel et al.29 | RCT | USA | 20 | 20 | WO (62.5 days SD:41.4) W (65.7 days SD:30.4) |
GHD and GH sufficient |
GOSE score: Mild, n (%) W: 3 (15) WO: 1 (5) Moderate, n (%) W: 0 (0) WO: 3 (15) Severe, n (%) W: 17 (85) WO: 15 (75) |
W: 32.2 (14.3) WO: 30.1 (13.7) |
| Reimunde et al.31 | Non-RCT: controlled, open-label study | Spain | 11 | 8 | W: 44.55 months (SD: 35.55) WO: 46.6 months, (SD: 28.79) Average: 3.7 years |
GHD and non-GHD | No GCS assessed | W: 53.36 (17.34) WO: 47.12 (14.55) |
| Moreau et al.33 | Non-RCT: uncontrolled, within- subjects | France | 23 | 27 | W: 7.8 years WO: 5.5 years |
WO: non-GHD W: GHD |
W: 8.1(SD:5.1) WO: 9.4(SD:5.1) |
WO: 37.1 (12.4) W: 37.9 (11.7) |
| Mossberg et al.34 | Non-RCT: uncontrolled, within-subjects | USA | 15 | 11.3years (SD:11.2) | Abnormal GH secretion | Moderate to severe TBI | W:34.3 (15.7) | |
| Gardner et al.36 | Cross-sectional registry based | Liverpool, UK | 161 | GHD | No GCS assessed | W: 42.6 (95% CI: 40.8-44.5) | ||
| Maric et al.38 | Case series | Serbia | 4 | 2 | At least 3 years | GHD | 1 out of 4: GCS:8 2 out of 4: 10 1 is unknown |
|
| Devesa et al.42 | Case series | Spain | 13 | 2.5 months to 11 years (average 4.8 years) |
GHD in 5 out of 13 | 4 out of 13: GCS 3 1 out of 13: 4 1 out of 13:8 2 out of 13: 6 |
6-53 | |
| Tanriverdi et al.8 | Case report | Turkey | 2 | 8 and 10 years | GHD | No GCS assessed | 36 and 38 | |
| Devesa et al.35 | Case report | Spain | 1 | 15 months | Non-GHD | 12 then 6 then coma for 6 months | 18 | |
| Bhagia et al.37 | Case report | USA | 1 | 6.8 years | GHD | No GCS assessed | 43 | |
| Springer et al.44 | Case report | USA | 1 | 2 years | GHD | No GCS assessed | 47 |
RCT, randomized controlled trial; W, with; WO, without; SD, standard deviation; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; GOSE, Glasgow Outcome Score-Extended; GHD, growth hormone deficiency; CI, confidence interval.