Table 5.
The Effect of Growth Hormone Therapy on Information Processing of Patients after Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
| Author | Design | Severity | No. of patients with treatment | No. of patients without treatment | Treatment beginning and length (months) | WAIS III. PSI | WAIS III. Digit Symbol coding |
Trail Making Test (TMT A and B) | Test for Attentional Performance (TAP) | p value in the treated group from baseline | p value between treated and untreated groups |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High et al.30 | RCT | Moderate-to-severe. GCS: 5.8 (SD: 3.4) | 12 | 11 | Chronic, 12 | X | X | <0.05 | n.s. | ||
| Dubiel et al.29 | RCT | All severities GOSE score: 3-17 | 16 | 18 | Acute, 6 | X | X | X | n.s. | ||
| Mossberg et al.34 | Open label study | Moderate-severe | 15 | Chronic, 12 | X | n.s. | |||||
| Moreau et al.33 | Cohort study | All severities GCS: 8.1 (SD: 5.1) | 23 | 27 | Chronic, 12 | X | <0.05 | n.s. | |||
| Maric et al.38 | Case series | Moderate-to severe. GCS: 8-10 | 4 | 2 | Chronic: 6 | X | No improvement |
Speed of information processing was studied by using Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-III) (PSI: processing speed index),40 the Trail Making Test (TMT),41 and the Test for Attentional Performance (TAP). Acute treatment was started within 1 month after TBI. Statistical significance is indicated at p < 0.05.
RCT, randomized controlled trial; n.s., non-significant; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; SD, standard deviation; GOSE, Glasgow Outcome Score-Extended.