Table 4.
Analysis in associations between phosphorus and all-cause, cardiovascular mortality separately, and by albumin and phosphorus levels, respectively.
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P | HR (95% CI) | P | HR (95% CI) | P | HR (95% CI) | P | |
| All-cause mortality | ||||||||
| p < 1.5, ALB ≥ 35 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||
| p < 1.5, ALB <35 | 2.54 (2.07–3.10) | <0.001 | 1.76 (1.43–2.16) | <0.001 | 1.56 (1.26–1.92) | <0.001 | 1.75 (1.22–2.50) | 0.002 |
| P ≥ 1.5, ALB ≥ 35 | 1.01 (0.81–1.26) | 0.96 | 1.08 (0.86–1.35) | 0.51 | 1.04 (0.83–1.30) | 0.75 | 0.96 (0.67–1.37) | 0.81 |
| P ≥ 1.5, ALB <35 | 2.26 (1.77–2.89) | <0.001 | 2.03 (1.59–2.61) | <0.001 | 1.84 (1.43–2.36) | <0.001 | 1.95 (1.27–2.98) | 0.002 |
| Cardiovascular mortality | ||||||||
| p < 1.5, ALB ≥ 35 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||
| p < 1.5, ALB <35 | 2.07 (1.55–2.77) | <0.001 | 1.41 (1.05–1.90) | 0.02 | 1.22 (0.91–1.67) | 0.17 | 1.92 (1.07–3.45) | 0.03 |
| P ≥ 1.5, ALB ≥ 35 | 1.02 (0.76–1.39) | 0.88 | 1.12 (0.82–1.52) | 0.47 | 1.08 (0.79–1.46) | 0.64 | 0.85 (0.48–1.51) | 0.58 |
| P ≥ 1.5, ALB <35 | 1.78 (1.24–2.57) | 0.002 | 1.57 (1.08–2.25) | 0.02 | 1.40 (0.97–2.02) | 0.07 | 0.37 (0.10–1.33) | 0.13 |
P, phosphorus; ALB, albumin. The unit for phosphorus and albumin was mmol/L and g/L, respectively. HR, hazard ratio.
Node at 1.5 mmol/L for phosphorus and 35 g/L for albumin was noted in restricted cubic splines and piecewise-linear model. Thereby phosphorus and albumin were categorized into groups as follows: (1) Phosphorus < 1.5 mmol/L, albumin ≥ 35 g/L, as the referenced group; (2) phosphorus < 1.5 mmol/L, albumin < 35 g/L; (3) phosphorus ≥ 1.5 mmol/L, albumin < 35 g/L; (4) phosphorus ≥ 1.5 mmol/L, albumin ≥ 35 g/L.
Model 1 was unadjusted.
Model 2 was adjusted for: age and gender.
Model 3 adjusted: model 2 + history of diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
Model 4 adjusted: model 3 + serum levels of hemoglobin, high-sensitive C-reactive protein, intact parathyroid hormone, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, residual renal function, and uses of phosphate binders, calcitriol, and α-ketoacid.
*Bold indicates significance at P < 0.05.