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. 2021 Dec 1;9:791643. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.791643

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Copyright © 2021 Du, Huang, Cao, Ran, Wu and Chen.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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NGR1 activates Nrf2 signaling and HO-1 expression via activation of the AMPK pathway (A) Expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 protein in H9c2 cells by Western blot analysis. (B) Densitometric analysis of Nrf2 and HO-1 expression. (C) Nrf2 and HO-1 mRNA expression (D) Expression of p-AMPK protein in H9c2 cells by Western blot analysis. Data are shown as the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments, *p < 0.001, ^& p < 0.001, and ^# p < 0.001. LG, 5.5 mM glucose; HG, 30 mM glucose; NGR1, Notoginsenoside R1.