Table 1. Baseline Demographic and Clinical Characteristics Stratified by Overall Adherence to Antibiotic Administration Recommendations per the Infectious Diseases Society of America Guidelines.
| Variable | No. (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| All patients (N = 414 851) | Overall guideline adherent (N = 266 047) | Overall guideline nonadherent (N = 148 804) | |
| Age, mean (SD), y | 57.5 (15.7) | 57.6 (15.7) | 57.4 (15.8) |
| Female | 214 960 | 139 203 (64.8) | 75 757 (35.2) |
| Male | 199 891 | 126 844 (63.5) | 73 047 (36.5) |
| BMI, mean (SD) | 29.2 (7.0) | 29.4 (6.8) | 29.0 (7.3) |
| Hispanic ethnicity | 4872 | 2861 (58.7) | 2011 (41.3) |
| Race | |||
| Black | 42 416 | 27 714 (65.3) | 14 702 (34.7) |
| White | 295 220 | 186 333 (63.1) | 108 887 (36.9) |
| Unknown | 59 015 | 39 799 (67.4) | 19 216 (32.6) |
| Othera | 18 200 | 12 201 (67.0) | 5999 (33.0) |
| Surgical specialty | |||
| General surgery | 186 711 | 99 985 (53.6) | 86 726 (46.4) |
| Gynecology | 41 832 | 30 340 (72.5) | 11 492 (27.5) |
| Orthopedics | 120 015 | 97 224 (81.0) | 22 791 (19.0) |
| Urology | 66 293 | 38 498 (58.1) | 27 795 (41.9) |
| Duration of surgery, median (IQR), min | 182.0 (125.0-261.0) | 183.0 (130.0-253.0) | 180.0 (115.0-281.0) |
| ASA classb | |||
| 1 | 24 736 | 16 369 (66.2) | 8367 (33.8) |
| 2 | 180 336 | 120 594 (66.9) | 59 742 (33.1) |
| 3 | 193 926 | 119 783 (61.8) | 74 143 (38.2) |
| 4 | 15 514 | 9117 (58.8) | 6397 (41.2) |
| 5 | 339 | 184 (54.3) | 155 (45.7) |
| Blood products given | 13 547 | 7620 (56.2) | 5927 (43.8) |
| Vasopressor infusion use | 74 094 | 52 979 (71.5) | 21 115 (28.5) |
| Supervision | |||
| CRNA | 240 433 | 145 134 (60.4) | 95 299 (39.6) |
| Combinationc | 28 833 | 17 711 (61.4) | 11 122 (38.6) |
| Resident | 105 243 | 75 358 (71.6) | 29 885 (28.4) |
| Solo | 40 342 | 27 844 (69.0) | 12 498 (31.0) |
| Off-hours casesd | 16 212 | 9691 (59.8) | 6521 (40.2) |
| Year of surgery | |||
| 2014 | 63 053 | 33 458 (53.1) | 29 595 (46.9) |
| 2015 | 86 761 | 52 846 (60.9) | 33 915 (39.1) |
| 2016 | 100 325 | 65 620 (65.4) | 34 705 (34.6) |
| 2017 | 117 377 | 80 907 (68.9) | 36 470 (31.1) |
| 2018 | 47 335 | 33 216 (70.2) | 14 119 (29.8) |
| Emergency case | |||
| Emergency | 12 950 | 7444 (57.5) | 5506 (42.5) |
| Nonemergency | 401 901 | 258 603 (64.3) | 143 298 (35.7) |
Abbreviations: ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); CRNA, certified registered nurse anesthetist.
a
Other includes American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, and Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander.
b
The purpose of the ASA system is to assess and communicate a patient’s preanesthesia medical comorbidities, with 1 indicating a healthy patient and 5 indicating a patient who is not expected to survive without the surgery.
c
Cases involving 2 of the following: solo anesthesiologist, CRNA with anesthesiologist, and resident with anesthesiologist.
d
Cases starting between 5:00 pm and 6:30 am.