Table 7.

Corrosion inhibiting admixtures in concrete.

Exposure Conditions	Type of Inhibitor	Name of Inhibitor	Dosage of Inhibitor	Aggressive Conditions/Dosage	Efficiency (%)	Reference
Ternary cement extract	Anodic/ Inorganic	Calcium nitrite	0%	1% of Cl-	-	[198]
				2% of Cl-	-
				3% of Cl-	-
			0.5%	1% of Cl-	91
				2% of Cl-	89
				3% of Cl-	81
Portland pozzolona Cement extract		Sodium hydroxide	0 wt % of cement	30,000 ppm Cl−	-	[193]
			1 wt % of cement		7.47
		Sodium hydroxide + sodium citrate	1 wt % of cement	30,000 ppm Cl−	12.52
		Sodium hydroxide + sodium citrate + sodium stannate			33.43
		Sodium hydroxide + sodium citrate + sodium stannate + CaO			45.15
Sat. Ca(OH)2		Lithium nitrite	8.94(g/L)	0.99 NaCl(g/L)	85.75	[199]
			17.21(g/L)		83.26
Concrete medium		NaNO2	0%	3% NaCl	-	[157]
			1%		87.9
			2%		87.1
			3%		85.83
		ZnO	1%		93.75
			2%		94.16
			3%		91.66
		NaNO2 + ZnO	1%		95.83
			2%		94.58
			3%		93.75
SCPS		NaNO2	1500 ppm	3.5% NaCl	55%	[200]
		Trisodium Citrate	150 ppm		72.5
		Zinc Acetate	50 ppm		55
		Zinc Acetate + Trisodium citrate	50 ppm + 100 ppm		78
Cement mortar	Anodic/ Inorganic	Sodium nitrate	0.4 mol per 1 kg cement	3.5% NaCl (360 days)	21.4	[201]
	Cathodic/ Inorganic	Sodium phosphate			7.5
		Sodium phosphate	7% (by wt. of cement)	1% of Cl- (by wt. of cement) (360 days)	97.7	[202]
Carbonated concrete solutions (0.0315 mol/L)		DiSodium Hydrogen Phosphate	20 mmol/L	0.1 mol/L NaCl	52	[203]
			60 mmol/L		93
			100 mmol/L		99.95
Chloride contaminated cement mortar(3% of NaCl (wt%))		Sodiumpyro phosphate	0%	-	-	[204]
			0.3%	-	78
			0.6%	-	89
			1.2%	-	58
			2.4%	-	46
Cement Concrete	Organic	Monoethanolamine	1%	exposed to 3% NaCl	49.58	[157]
			2%		50.8
			3%		38.75
		Diethonolamine	1%	exposed to 3% NaCl	35.42
			2%		28.33
			3%		39.16
		Triethonalamine	1%	exposed to 3% NaCl	77.04
			2%		62.5
			3%		53.33
Sat.Ca(OH)2	Organic	Deoxyribonucleic acid	0.0050 %	0.01 mol/L NaCl add every day (7 Days)	58.60	[205]
		Dicyclohexyl ammonium nitrite	Sat.	0.1 M NaCl	97
		5-Hexyl-benzotriazole	0.005 M	0.1 M NaCl	67
		Sodium β-glycerophosphate	0.05 M	0.1 M NaCl	92
Cement Mortar	Organic	Dicyclohexyl ammonium nitrite	0.5(In/Cl- ratio)	0.02 Cl−/cement wt. ratio	88	[205]
		Sodium β-glycerophosphate			90
Carbonated alkali-activated fly ash mortar	Organic	Disodium β-glycerol phosphate Pentahydrate + sodium 3-aminobenzoate	0.05 M + 0.05 M	Immersed in 1% NaCl	63	[206]
		Disodium β-glycerol phosphate pentahydrate + sodium N-phenylanthranilate	0.05 M + saturated		81