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. 2021 Dec 1;11:788875. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2021.788875

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Copyright © 2021 Smith, Cao, Chen, Mahmood, Phillips, Sutton and Cato

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Physiologic and pathologic roles of gastrin. (A) Under physiologic conditions, gastrin is released from the G-cells in the antrum of the stomach and stimulates the release of acid (HCl) by activation of the enterochromaffin-like cells and gastric parietal cells. (B) Gastrin stimulates growth of gastric cancer by activating the CCK-BR by an autocrine mechanism or exogenous stimulation by high gastrin blood levels induced by achlorhydria, chronic use of proton pump inhibitors (PPI), or infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). Reproduced with permission from the Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol (15).