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. 2021 Dec 1;8:723726. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2021.723726

Table 3.

Adjusted relationships between dietary patterns to the prevalence of CAa.

Q 1 Q 2 Q 3 Q 4 P for trendb
Males
Healthy dietary pattern −0.95 −0.31 0.28 1.23 -
Total 324 323 322 324 -
No. of CA 162 186 197 200 -
    Crude 1.00 (ref) 1.36 (1.00, 1.85)c 1.58 (1.15, 2.16) 1.61 (1.18, 2.21) <0.01
    Age- and BMI-adjusted 1.00 (ref) 1.37 (0.99, 1.90) 1.45 (1.04, 2.01) 1.35 (0.97, 1.88) 0.07
    Multiple adjustedd 1.00 (ref) 1.30 (0.92, 1.85) 1.39 (0.96, 2.02) 1.26 (0.83, 1.91) 0.24
    Multiple adjustede 1.00 (ref) 1.31 (0.92, 1.85) 1.40 (0.97, 2.02) 1.24 (0.81, 1.91) 0.26
Traditional Tianjin dietary pattern −0.61 −0.16 0.31 1.22 -
Total 324 323 322 324 -
No. of CA 189 192 173 191 -
    Crude 1.00 (ref) 1.05 (0.77, 1.43) 0.83 (0.61, 1.13) 1.03 (0.75, 1.4) 0.75
    Age- and BMI-adjusted 1.00 (ref) 1.23 (0.88, 1.73) 1.15 (0.82, 1.61) 1.37 (0.98, 1.93) 0.11
    Multiple adjustedd 1.00 (ref) 1.19 (0.84, 1.69) 0.99 (0.69, 1.42) 1.07 (0.73, 1.56) 0.98
    Multiple adjustede 1.00 (ref) 1.20 (0.84, 1.70) 1.00 (0.70, 1.43) 1.11 (0.75, 1.62) 0.94
Sweets dietary pattern −1.13 −0.51 0.00 0.98 -
Total 324 323 322 324 -
No. of CA 185 191 192 177 -
    Crude 1.00 (ref) 1.09 (0.80, 1.49) 1.11 (0.81, 1.52) 0.91 (0.66, 1.23) 0.57
    Age- and BMI-adjusted 1.00 (ref) 1.06 (0.76, 1.48) 1.10 (0.79, 1.53) 0.86 (0.62, 1.19) 0.42
    Multiple adjustedd 1.00 (ref) 1.18 (0.83, 1.66) 1.22 (0.86, 1.73) 0.91 (0.63, 1.32) 0.73
    Multiple adjustede 1.00 (ref) 1.20 (0.85, 1.71) 1.24 (0.87, 1.77) 0.95 (0.65, 1.39) 0.90
Females
Healthy dietary pattern −1.10 −0.48 0.06 0.92 -
Total 264 263 262 264 -
No. of CA 103 115 111 126 -
    Crude 1.00 (ref) 1.22 (0.86, 1.72) 1.15 (0.81, 1.63) 1.43 (1.01, 2.02) 0.07
    Age- and BMI-adjusted 1.00 (ref) 1.06 (0.73, 1.54) 0.92 (0.63, 1.34) 1.16 (0.80, 1.67) 0.61
    Multiple adjustedd 1.00 (ref) 1.00 (0.67, 1.48) 0.86 (0.57, 1.31) 0.95 (0.60, 1.51) 0.69
    Multiple adjustede 1.00 (ref) 1.04 (0.70, 1.55) 0.92 (0.60, 1.40) 1.03 (0.64, 1.66) 0.88
Traditional Tianjin dietary pattern −0.97 −0.63 −0.30 0.27 -
Total 264 263 262 264 -
No. of CA 119 117 106 113 -
    Crude 1.00 (ref) 0.98 (0.69, 1.38) 0.83 (0.59, 1.17) 0.91 (0.65, 1.29) 0.43
    Age- and BMI-adjusted 1.00 (ref) 1.06 (0.73, 1.53) 0.89 (0.61, 1.29) 1.01 (0.70, 1.47) 0.83
    Multiple adjustedd 1.00 (ref) 0.99 (0.67, 1.46) 0.84 (0.57, 1.24) 0.90 (0.61, 1.33) 0.45
    Multiple adjustede 1.00 (ref) 1.04 (0.70, 1.54) 0.88 (0.59, 1.29) 0.91 (0.61, 1.36) 0.45
Sweets dietary pattern −0.74 −0.25 0.23 1.12 -
Total 264 263 262 264 -
No. of CA 105 120 109 121 -
    Crude 1.00 (ref) 1.27 (0.90, 1.8) 1.08 (0.76, 1.53) 1.28 (0.91, 1.81) 0.30
    Age- and BMI-adjusted 1.00 (ref) 1.40 (0.97, 2.03) 1.21 (0.83, 1.75) 1.55 (1.07, 2.25) 0.05
    Multiple adjustedd 1.00 (ref) 1.34 (0.91, 1.98) 1.21 (0.82, 1.79) 1.65 (1.09, 2.49) <0.05
    Multiple adjustede 1.00 (ref) 1.33 (0.91, 1.97) 1.21 (0.82, 1.79) 1.64 (1.08, 2.51) <0.05
a

Multiple logistic regression analysis. BMI, body mass index; CA, carotid atherosclerosis; Q, quartile.

b

P for the trend is calculated across quartiles.

c

Odds ratio (95% confidence interval) (all such values).

d

Additionally adjusted for smoking status (categorical; current smoker, ex-smoker, or non-smoker), alcohol drinking status (categorical; everyday drinker, sometimes drinker, ex-drinker, or non-drinker), educational level (categorical: < or ≥ college graduate), working status (categorical; managers, professionals, and other), household income (categorical: ≤ or >10,000 Yuan), physical activity (continuous; MET-hour/week), individual history of the disease (including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes [each yes or no]), energy intake (continuous; kcal/day), and SDS.

e

Additionally adjusted for each other dietary pattern scores.