Table 2.
COPD P, Trends, POR, and PAF Among Workers by Industry and Smoking Status
| Industries | All workers | Never smokers | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Estimated workers (1,000s) | Age-adjusted P (95% CI) | POR (95% CI) | AAPC | ACa (1,000s) | PAF | Workers (1,000s) | Age-adjusted P (95% CI) | POR (95% CI) | ACa (1,000s) | PAF (%) | |
| Agriculture | 23,757 | 2.8 (2.2, 3.6) | 1.2 (0.8, 1.7) | −3.3 | 10 | 0.2 | 15,517 | 2.1 (1.3, 2.8) | 1.3 (0.7, 2.3) | 7 | 0.3 |
| Mining | 9,313 | 4.0 (2.7, 5.8) | 1.7 (1.0, 2.8) | −9.7 | 15 | 0.3 | 5,066 | 3.7 (1.4, 6.1) | 2.7 (1.2, 5.7) | 12 | 0.5 |
| Utilities | 13,737 | 3.2 (2.2, 4.7) | 1.4 (0.9, 2.3) | −8.9 | 13 | 0.2 | 8,406 | 1.8 (0.7, 2.9) | 1.1 (0.5, 2.4) | 2 | 0.1 |
| Construction | 106,618 | 3.4 (3.0, 3.9) | 1.4 (1.0, 1.9) | 2.0 | 101 | 1.7 | 54,711 | 1.7 (1.2, 2.2) | 1.2 (0.7, 2.1) | 18 | 0.8 |
| Manufacturing | 162,019 | 3.1 (2.7, 3.4) | 1.2 (0.9, 1.6) | −3.9 | 81 | 1.4 | 94,636 | 1.9 (1.5, 2.4) | 1.2 (0.7, 1.9) | 30 | 1.3 |
| Merchant wholesale durable | 18,920 | 2.9 (2.0, 4.0) | 1.1 (0.7, 1.8) | 8.2 | 7 | 0.1 | 11,011 | 2.0 (1.0, 3.0) | 1.3 (0.7, 2.5) | 5 | 0.2 |
| Merchant wholesale nondurable | 19,398 | 3.2 (2.3, 4.4) | 1.3 (0.8, 2.0) | 24.1 | 13 | 0.2 | 11,889 | 2.8 (1.5, 4.0) | 1.8 (1.0, 3.3) | 14 | 0.6 |
| Motor-vehicle part dealers | 18,550 | 1.9 (1.3, 2.7) | 0.7 (0.4, 1.1) | 2.2 | 0 | 0.0 | 10,414 | 0.5 (0.1, 1.0) | 0.4 (0.1, 1.0) | 0 | 0 |
| Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealer | 13,478 | 4.2 (2.9, 6.1) | 1.6 (1.0, 2.6) | 5.8 | 22 | 0.4 | 7,866 | 1.0 (0.2, 1.8) | 0.6 (0.3, 1.6) | 0 | 0 |
| Food and beverage stores | 32,488 | 4.2 (3.2, 5.4) | 1.4 (1.0, 2.0) | −5.4 | 40 | 0.6 | 20,574 | 1.1 (0.6, 1.6) | 0.7 (0.4, 1.3) | 0 | 0 |
| Health and personal care gasoline stations | 12,798 | 3.0 (2.1, 4.3) | 1.1 (0.7, 1.8) | 5.9 | 5 | 0.1 | 9,480 | 1.6 (0.7, 2.6) | 1.0 (0.5, 2.0) | 0 | 0 |
| Clothing and clothing accessories stores | 5,889 | 8.4 (5.9, 11.8) | 2.7 (1.7, 4.1) | −0.9 | 31 | 0.4 | 3,021 | 2.6 (0.1, 5.2) | 1.7 (0.6, 5.0) | 3 | 0.1 |
| Clothing and general merchandise stores | 44,355 | 5.2 (4.3, 6.3) | 1.8 (1.3, 2.5) | −3.4 | 102 | 1.5 | 30,773 | 2.4 (1.6, 3.2) | 1.5 (0.9, 2.5) | 24 | 1.0 |
| Miscellaneous, nonstore, and nonspecified retailers | 23,625 | 4.3 (3.2, 5.7) | 1.6 (1.0, 2.4) | −3.2 | 37 | 0.6 | 15,210 | 2.6 (1.3, 3.9) | 1.5 (0.8, 3.0) | 14 | 0.6 |
| Transportation (including support activities for transportation) | 54,138 | 4.4 (3.7, 5.2) | 1.8 (1.3, 2.4) | 5.3 | 104 | 1.9 | 29,838 | 2.4 (1.5, 3.3) | 1.6 (0.9, 2.8) | 26 | 1.1 |
| Postal service, couriers, and messengers | 14,951 | 3.9 (2.9, 5.4) | 1.6 (1.0, 2.4) | −4.2 | 22 | 0.4 | 9,253 | 2.9 (1.5, 4.3) | 1.9 (1.0, 3.5) | 13 | 0.5 |
| Information | 33,314 | 4.2 (3.3, 5.3) | 1.7 (1.2, 2.4) | 8.7 | 58 | 1.0 | 21,523 | 3.0 (1.9, 4.2) | 1.9 (1.1, 3.3) | 31 | 1.3 |
| Monetary authorities | 20,893 | 2.7 (1.9, 3.6) | 1.0 (0.7, 1.5) | −4.9 | 0 | 0.0 | 15,098 | 1.9 (1.1, 2.7) | 1.0 (0.6, 1.9) | 1 | <0.1 |
| Credit intermediation and related activities | 12,457 | 4.8 (3.3, 7.1) | 1.9 (1.1, 3.1) | −1.2 | 28 | 0.4 | 8,860 | 3.4 (1.7, 5.1) | 2.0 (1.1, 3.9) | 15 | 0.7 |
| Security, commodity contract, and other financial investments and related activities | 12,199 | 1.9 (1.2, 2.9) | 0.8 (0.5, 1.4) | −15.5 | 0 | 0.0 | 8,925 | 1.6 (0.6, 2.5) | 0.9 (0.5, 2.0) | 0 | 0 |
| Insurance carriers and related activities | 27,621 | 4.1 (3.2, 5.2) | 1.6 (1.1, 2.2) | 2.6 | 40 | 0.7 | 18,828 | 3.3 (2.1, 4.5) | 1.8 (1.0, 3.2) | 28 | 1.2 |
| Real estate and rental and leasing | 32,419 | 2.7 (2.1, 3.4) | Ref | −11.7 | 0 | 0.0 | 19,463 | 1.9 (1.1, 2.6) | Ref | 0 | 0 |
| Professional, scientific, and technical service industries | 123,046 | 2.8 (2.4, 3.2) | 1.2 (0.9, 1.6) | 2.4 | 46 | 0.8 | 87,042 | 1.9 (1.6, 2.3) | 1.2 (0.7, 1.9) | 27 | 1.2 |
| Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services | 73,490 | 4.3 (3.7, 4.9) | 1.5 (1.1, 2.1) | −0.4 | 110 | 1.8 | 42,585 | 2.3 (1.7, 2.8) | 1.4 (0.9, 2.3) | 29 | 1.2 |
| Education services | 156,484 | 3.1 (2.8, 3.5) | 1.2 (0.9, 1.6) | −0.6 | 84 | 1.5 | 118,887 | 2.7 (2.3, 3.1) | 1.4 (0.9, 2.2) | 92 | 3.9 |
| Ambulatory healthcare services | 85,047 | 3.4 (3.0, 3.9) | 1.2 (0.9, 1.6) | 4.2 | 43 | 0.7 | 59,019 | 2.1 (1.7, 2.6) | 1.1 (0.7, 1.7) | 6 | 0.3 |
| Hospital | 70,926 | 3.0 (2.5, 3.5) | 1.1 (0.8, 1.5) | −5.1 | 13 | 0.2 | 51,456 | 2.3 (1.7, 2.9) | 1.2 (0.7, 1.9) | 16 | 0.7 |
| Nursing and residential care facilities | 29,361 | 5.5 (4.5, 6.7) | 1.7 (1.2, 2.3) | 6.0 | 64 | 1.1 | 17,785 | 3.0 (1.9, 4.1) | 1.5 (0.8, 2.6) | 17 | 0.7 |
| Social assistance | 35,808 | 5.2 (4.2, 6.4) | 1.7 (1.2, 2.4) | 4.7 | 77 | 1.3 | 24,738 | 3.5 (2.4, 4.7) | 1.7 (1.0, 2.9) | 36 | 1.5 |
| Arts, entertainment, and recreations | 35,913 | 3.8 (3.0, 4.8) | 1.5 (1.1, 2.2) | 10.3 | 46 | 0.7 | 24,902 | 2.0 (1.3, 2.8) | 1.3 (0.8, 2.4) | 13 | 0.6 |
| Accommodation | 16,840 | 4.2 (3.2, 5.5) | 1.4 (1.0, 2.1) | −5.5 | 21 | 0.3 | 10,419 | 2.7 (1.6, 3.8) | 1.5 (0.8, 2.7) | 9 | 0.4 |
| Food services and drinking places | 95,835 | 5.0 (4.3, 5.8) | 1.7 (1.2, 2.3) | 3.1 | 194 | 2.4 | 58,524 | 1.6 (1.2, 2.1) | 1.2 (0.7, 2.0) | 15 | 0.7 |
| Repair and maintenance | 22,043 | 3.8 (2.5, 5.8) | 1.5 (0.9, 2.6) | −0.3 | 29 | 0.5 | 11,688 | 1.0 (0.3, 1.8) | 0.8 (0.3, 1.8) | 0 | 0 |
| Personal services (barber shops, beauty salons, nail salons, laundry, funeral homes, and cemeteries) | 23,355 | 3.5 (2.8, 4.5) | 1.2 (0.8, 1.7) | −0.7 | 12 | 0.2 | 14,196 | 1.7 (1.0, 2.5) | 0.9 (0.5, 1.7) | 0 | 0 |
| Religious, grantmaking, civic labor, professional, and similar organizations | 25,086 | 3.1 (2.5, 4.0) | 1.2 (0.9, 1.7) | −0.6 | 14 | 0.3 | 17,467 | 3.0 (2.0, 3.9) | 1.5 (0.9, 2.6) | 18 | 0.8 |
| Private households | 9,652 | 5.0 (3.5, 7.0) | 1.5 (1.0, 2.4) | 2.3 | 17 | 0.3 | 6,997 | 2.7 (1.3, 4.0) | 1.2 (0.6, 2.4) | 3 | 0.1 |
| Public administration | 79,456 | 3.6 (3.1, 4.1) | 1.4 (1.1, 1.9) | 8.8 | 86 | 1.6 | 52,623 | 2.3 (1.8, 2.8) | 1.3 (0.8, 2.1) | 27 | 1.2 |
| All others | 22,572 | 2.8 (2.1, 3.9) | 1.1 (0.7, 1.7) | −1.5 | 7 | 0.1 | 14,834 | 2.0 (1.0, 3.0) | 1.3 (0.7, 2.6) | 7 | 0.3 |
| Unknown | 25,113 | 2.5 (1.8, 3.5) | 1.0 (0.7, 1.6) | −2.2 | 1 | 0.0 | 18,402 | 1.2 (0.6, 1.9) | 0.7 (0.4, 1.4) | 0 | 0 |
| Total | 164,296 | 4.1 (4.0, 4.3) | 1.5 | 1,595 | 27.3 | 106,193 | 2.3 (2.2, 2.4) | 559 | 24.0 | ||
Note: Boldface indicates statistical significance (p<0.05).
The overall totals may not add up owing to rounding. By industry groups, P trends among those who never smoked were not calculated owing to unreliable data within groups by year.
Age-adjusted COPD P was defined as a positive response to any of the 3 questions: (1) Have you ever been told by a doctor or other health professional that you had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, also called COPD? or (2) Have you ever been told by a doctor or other health professional that you had emphysema? or (3) During the past 12 months, have you been told by a doctor or other health professional that you had chronic bronchitis? (total COPD cases for all workers n=5,841,696 and for never smokers n=558,596). For trends, AAPC was in age-adjusted COPD P during 2012–2018. PAF included the proportion of COPD cases attributable to work in percentage. Workers included adults who reported working at a job or business; with a job or business but not at work; or working, but not for pay, at a family-owned job or business during the last 12 months of the survey interview. Estimates are weighted to provide national estimates for current employment and are presented in thousands.
Number of COPD cases in thousands attributable to work.
AAPC, annual average percentage change; AC, attributable cases; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; P, prevalence; PAF, population attributable fraction; POR, prevalence OR.