Table 3.
COPD P, Trends, POR, and PAF Among Workers by Occupation and Smoking Status
| Occupations | All workers | Never smokers | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Workers (1,000s) | Age-adjusted P (95% CI) | POR (95% CI) | AAPC | ACa (1,000s) | PAF, % | Workers (1,000s) | Age-adjusted P (95% CI) | POR (95% CI) | ACa (1,000s) | PAF, % | |
| Management | 15,943 | 2.8 (2.5, 3.1) | ref | −2.2 | 10,189 | 2.0 (1.6, 2.3) | ref | — | — | ||
| Business operation specialists | 4,538 | 3.2 (2.6, 4.0) | 1.1 (0.8, 1.4) | −1.1 | 11 | 0.2 | 3,050 | 1.9 (1.3, 2.6) | 1.0 (0.6, 1.4) | 0 | 0 |
| Financial specialists | 3,771 | 3.1 (2.4, 3.9) | 1.1 (0.8, 1.4) | 16.1 | 9 | 0.2 | 2,723 | 2.7 (1.8, 3.6) | 1.3 (0.9, 2.0) | 19 | 0.8 |
| Computer and mathematical and architecture engineers | 9,001 | 2.2 (1.8, 2.6) | 0.9 (0.7, 1.1) | 1.5 | 0 | 0 | 6,645 | 1.6 (1.1, 2.0) | 1.0 (0.7, 1.4) | 2 | 0.1 |
| Life, physical, and social science | 1,753 | 2.6 (1.8, 3.7) | 1.0 (0.6, 1.4) | −8.0 | 18 | 0.3 | 1,308 | 2.0 (1.0, 3.0) | 1.1 (0.6, 1.9) | 2 | 0.1 |
| Community and social services | 3,017 | 3.6 (2.9, 4.5) | 1.2 (0.9, 1.6) | −5.0 | 7 | 0.1 | 2,145 | 2.8 (1.9, 3.6) | 1.3 (0.9, 1.9) | 14 | 0.6 |
| Postsecondary, primary, secondary, special education, and other teachers and instructors | 8,943 | 3.0 (2.6, 3.5) | 1.0 (0.8, 1.3) | 2.4 | 0 | 0 | 6,962 | 2.9 (2.4, 3.4) | 1.3 (1.0, 1.8) | 52 | 2.2 |
| Arts design entertainment, sports, and media | 3,630 | 2.2 (1.7, 2.9) | 0.8 (0.6, 1.1) | 2.5 | 0 | 0 | 2,516 | 1.5 (0.9, 2.0) | 0.8 (0.5, 1.2) | 0 | 0 |
| Health diagnosing and treating practitioners | 6,363 | 2.3 (1.8, 2.8) | 0.7 (0.6, 1.0) | −0.1 | 0 | 0 | 4,801 | 1.6 (1.1, 2.2) | 0.7 (0.5, 1.1) | 0 | 0 |
| Healthcare technologist and technicians and other health care | 2,877 | 3.4 (2.7, 4.4) | 1.0 (0.8, 1.4) | −6.7 | 1 | 0.1 | 1,945 | 1.8 (1.0, 2.7) | 0.9 (0.5, 1.4) | 0 | 0 |
| Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aids | 2,186 | 5.3 (4.3, 6.6) | 1.4 (1.1, 1.9) | 4.4 | 34 | 0.6 | 1,430 | 3.6 (2.3, 4.9) | 1.6 (1.1, 2.4) | 19 | 0.8 |
| Occupational and physical therapist assistants and aides and other healthcare support | 1,693 | 3.3 (2.3, 4.8) | 0.9 (0.6, 1.4) | 8.1 | 0 | 0 | 1,156 | 2.0 (0.9, 3.1) | 1.0 (0.5, 1.8) | 0 | 0 |
| Protective services | 3,391 | 3.6 (2.8, 4.5) | 1.3 (1.0, 1.8) | −2.3 | 30 | 0.5 | 2,242 | 2.3 (1.4, 3.1) | 1.5 (1.0, 2.4) | 17 | 0.8 |
| Cooks and food preparation workers | 3,346 | 4.8 (3.7, 6.1) | 1.4 (1.0, 1.9) | −7.0 | 46 | 0.6 | 2,073 | 1.6 (0.9, 2.2) | 0.9 (0.6, 1.5) | 0 | 0 |
| Food and beverage serving | 3,560 | 5.9 (4.7, 7.4) | 1.6 (1.2, 2.1) | −2.1 | 77 | 0.9 | 2,137 | 2.2 (1.1, 3.3) | 1.4 (0.8, 2.5) | 14 | 0.6 |
| Supervisors and other food services | 1,879 | 4.1 (3.0, 5.4) | 1.2 (0.9, 1.7) | 15.1 | 15 | 0.2 | 1,186 | 3.0 (1.7, 4.2) | 1.9 (1.2, 3.0) | 16 | 0.7 |
| Building and grounds cleaning and pest control | 4,480 | 5.0 (4.3, 5.8) | 1.5 (1.2, 1.8) | −2.7 | 74 | 1.4 | 2,704 | 2.5 (1.8, 3.2) | 1.2 (0.8, 1.6) | 9 | 0.4 |
| Supervisors and building grounds and maintenance workers | 1,920 | 2.9 (2.1, 3.9) | 1.0 (0.7, 1.5) | 17.0 | 2 | <0.1 | 1,054 | 1.1 (0.2, 1.9) | 0.7 (0.3, 1.6) | 15 | 0.6 |
| Personal care and services | 5,849 | 4.7 (4.0, 5.5) | 1.4 (1.1, 1.7) | 10.6 | 71 | 1.2 | 3,958 | 2.5 (1.9, 3.1) | 1.2 (0.9, 1.6) | 0 | 0 |
| Supervisors sales | 3,991 | 3.4 (2.7, 4.3) | 1.1 (0.8, 1.4) | 4.3 | 9 | 0.1 | 2,356 | 1.8 (1.0, 2.5) | 1.0 (0.6, 1.5) | 0 | 0 |
| Retail sales workers | 7,174 | 4.6 (4.0, 5.4) | 1.4 (1.1, 1.7) | −3.0 | 97 | 1.4 | 4,971 | 2.0 (1.4, 2.5) | 1.1 (0.8, 1.6) | 13 | 0.5 |
| Sales representatives and other sales related | 4,962 | 2.6 (2.1, 3.2) | 0.9 (0.7, 1.2) | −4.8 | 0 | 0 | 3,189 | 1.5 (1.0, 2.0) | 0.8 (0.5, 1.1) | 0 | 0 |
| Supervisors and office and administrative support | 1,269 | 3.9 (2.8, 5.5) | 1.2 (0.8, 1.7) | 18.3 | 7 | 0.1 | 709 | 1.7 (0.7, 2.8) | 0.8 (0.4, 1.5) | 0 | 0 |
| Financial clerks | 2,817 | 4.2 (3.3, 5.2) | 1.2 (0.9, 1.5) | 2.6 | 17 | 0.3 | 1,831 | 2.3 (1.5, 3.2) | 1.0 (0.6, 1.5) | 0 | 0 |
| Information and records clerks | 5,478 | 5.2 (4.4, 6.2) | 1.5 (1.2, 1.9) | 3.2 | 99 | 1.6 | 3,666 | 3.3 (2.4, 4.2) | 1.7 (1.2, 2.3) | 48 | 2.1 |
| Material recording, scheduling, dispatching, and distributing | 4,100 | 4.0 (3.3, 4.9) | 1.3 (1.0,1.7) | 2.4 | 41 | 0.7 | 2,525 | 2.3 (1.6, 3.1) | 1.4 (1.0, 2.0) | 16 | 0.7 |
| Secretaries and administrative assistants | 2,992 | 3.8 (3.1, 4.7) | 1.0 (0.8, 1.4) | −12.2 | 554 | 0.1 | 1,937 | 3.4 (2.4, 4.4) | 1.3 (0.9, 1.9) | 15 | 0.6 |
| Other office and administrative support | 3,382 | 5.8 (4.9, 7.0) | 1.8 (1.4, 2.3) | 6.6 | 89 | 1.6 | 2,371 | 4.5 (3.4, 5.6) | 2.1 (1.5, 2.9) | 55 | 2.4 |
| Farming, fishing, and forestry | 1,329 | 2.6 (1.8, 3.7) | 0.9 (0.6, 1.3) | 4.1 | 0 | 913 | 1.7 (0.7, 2.7) | 1.0 (0.5, 1.9) | 1 | 0.1 | |
| Construction trade and extraction workers | 6,915 | 3.3 (2.7, 3.9) | 1.2 (0.9, 1.5) | −3.8 | 33 | 0.5 | 3,399 | 1.4 (0.9, 1.9) | 1.0 (0.7, 1.6) | 1 | 0.1 |
| Other construction and extraction | 1,347 | 3.2 (2.2, 4.5) | 1.2 (0.8, 1.9) | 14.9 | 7 | 0.1 | 676 | 2.6 (1.0, 4.3) | 1.8 (0.9, 3.6) | 8 | 0.4 |
| Installation maintenance and repair | 5,309 | 4.2 (3.3, 5.2) | 1.6 (1.2, 2.1) | 2.3 | 82 | 1.4 | 2,646 | 2.2 (1.1, 3.3) | 1.5 (0.9, 2.7) | 204 | 0.9 |
| Assemblers and fabricators | 1,431 | 3.9 (2.8, 5.3) | 1.2 (0.9, 1.8) | 2.8 | 10 | 0.2 | 834 | 1.5 (0.4, 2.5) | 0.8 (0.4, 1.8) | 0 | 0 |
| Metal and plastic workers | 1,867 | 3.0 (2.3, 4.0) | 1.1 (0.8, 1.4) | 4.5 | 3 | 0.1 | 911 | 1.1 (0.4, 1.8) | 0.7 (0.4, 1.4) | 0 | 0 |
| Food processing, printing, textile, apparel and furnishing, wood workers, and plant and system operators | 2,113 | 3.6 (2.5, 5.1) | 1.1 (0.8, 1.7) | −7.8 | 10 | 0.2 | 1,256 | 2.3 (0.4, 4.2) | 1.2 (0.5, 2.8) | 4 | 0.2 |
| Supervisors and other production | 3,993 | 3.7 (2.9, 4.6) | 1.2 (0.9, 1.6) | −0.2 | 21 | 0.4 | 2,138 | 2.7 (1.5, 3.9) | 1.5 (0.9, 2.5) | 19 | 0.8 |
| Motor-vehicle operators and material moving workers | 8,648 | 4.5 (3.9, 5.2) | 1.6 (1.3, 1.9) | 7.5 | 143 | 2.5 | 4,663 | 2.3 (1.7, 2.9) | 1.5 (1.1, 2.1) | 35 | 1.5 |
| All other workers | 2,500 | 2.8 (2.0, 3.9) | 1.0 (0.8, 1.3) | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 1,830 | 2.1 (1.5, 2.8) | 1.0 (0.7, 1.5) | 1 | 0.0 |
| Unknown | 4,540 | 2.9 (2.3, 3.5) | 1.0 (0.7, 1.4) | −11.5 | 0 | 0 | 3,145 | 1.4 (0.7, 2.1) | 0.7 (0.4, 1.3) | ||
| Total | 164,296 | 4.1 (4.0, 4.3) | 1.5 | 1,070 | 17.4 | 106,193 | 2.3 (2.2, 2.4) | 414 | 17.8 | ||
Note: Boldface indicates statistical significance (p<0.05).
The overall totals may not add up owing to rounding. By industry groups, P trends among those who never smoked were not calculated owing to unreliable data within groups by year. Age-adjusted COPD P was defined as a positive response to any of the 3 questions: (1) Have you ever been told by a doctor or other health professional that you had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, also called COPD? or (2) Have you ever been told by a doctor or other health professional that you had emphysema? or (3) During the past 12 months, have you been told by a doctor or other health professional that you had chronic bronchitis? (total COPD cases for all workers n=5,841,696 and for never smokers n=558,596). AAPC in age-adjusted COPD P during 2012–2018. PAF included the proportion of COPD cases attributable to work in percentage. Workers included adults who reported working at a job or business; with a job or business but not at work;or working, but not for pay, at a family-owned job or business during the last 12 months of the survey interview. Estimates are weighted to provide national estimates for current employment and are presented in thousands.
Number of COPD cases in thousands attributable to work.
AAPC, annual average percentage change; AC, attributable case; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; PAF, population attributable fraction; P, prevalence; POR, prevalence OR.