Table 1.
Participant’s sociodemographic and clinical characteristics pre-program by model and sex
| Men* | Women† | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mixed-sex N = 454 |
Mixed-sex N = 543 (74.7%) |
Women-only N = 160 (22.0%) |
Home-based N = 24 (3.3%) |
Total N = 727 |
|
| Sociodemographic | |||||
| Age | 66.8 ± 11.8 | 66.7 ± 12.1 | 68.1 ± 12.1 | 61.3 ± 16.9 | 66.9 ± 12.3 |
| Marital status (% married/common-law) | 290 (82.2%)*** | 257 (67.8%) | 67 (63.2%) | 9 (60.0%) | 333 (66.6%) |
| Highest educational attainment (% ≥ high school) | 226 (93.8%) | 299 (92.3%) | 79 (94.0%) | 12 (100.0%) | 390 (92.9%) |
| Language spoken (% English) | 313 (95.1%) | 411 (96.3%) | 111 (98.2%) | 20 (100.0%) | 542 (96.8%) |
| Occupational status | |||||
| Retired/no formal employment | 147 (54.9%) | 220 (64.1%)‡‡ | 74 (80.4%)‡‡ | 6 (54.5%) | 300 (67.3%)† |
| Full-time/part-time/ modified/restricted duties | 101 (37.7%) | 103 (30.0%)‡ | 16 (17.4%)‡ | 4 (36.4%) | 123 (27.6%)† |
| Other (e.g., disability) | 20 (7.5%) | 20 (5.8%) | 2 (2.2%) | 1 (9.1%) | 23 (5.2%) |
| Travel time to CR centre (% 0–30 min) | 124 (63.3%) | 143 (61.1%) | 34 (58.6%) | 2 (40.0%) | 179 (60.3%) |
| Living situation | |||||
| With spouse/partner | 212 (70.2%)*** | 201 (50.9%) | 44 (43.6%) | 11 (68.8%) | 256 (50.0%) |
| Alone | 41 (13.6%)*** | 123 (31.1%) | 37 (36.6%) | 4 (25.0%) | 164 (32.0%) |
| With family/friends/others | 49 (16.2%) | 71 (18.0%) | 20 (19.8%) | 1 (6.3%) | 92 (18.0%) |
| Clinical characteristics | |||||
| Referral event/procedure§ | |||||
| PCI | 228 (50.6%)*** | 185 (34.4%) | 54 (34.0%) | 7 (31.8%) | 246 (34.2%) |
| Valvular heart disease | 34 (7.5%)* | 62 (11.5%) | 20 (12.6%) | 1 (4.5%) | 83 (11.5%) |
| CABG | 41 (9.1%) | 50 (9.3%) | 21 (13.2%) | 1 (4.5%) | 72 (10.0%) |
| Stroke/TIA | 40 (8.9%) | 52 (9.7%) | 13 (8.2%) | 2 (9.1%) | 67 (9.3%) |
| Primary prevention | 8 (1.8%)*** | 41 (7.6%) | 10 (6.3%) | 1 (4.5%) | 52 (7.2%) |
| Arrhythmia/Rhythm device | 21 (4.7%) | 35 (6.5%) | 14 (8.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | 49 (6.8%) |
| Heart failure | 16 (3.5%) | 22 (4.1%) | 3 (1.9%) | 1 (4.5%) | 26 (3.6%) |
| Angina pectoris (stable/unstable) | 25 (5.5%) | 21 (3.9%) | 3 (1.9%) | 1 (4.5%) | 25 (3.5%) |
| Cardiomyopathy | 7 (1.6%) | 17 (3.2%) | 4 (2.5%) | 3 (13.6%) | 24 (3.3%) |
| MI | 3 (0.7%)** | 17 (3.2%) | 4 (2.5%) | 1 (4.5%) | 22 (3.1%) |
| PVD | 18 (4.0%) | 13 (2.4%) | 5 (3.1%) | 1 (4.5%) | 19 (2.6%) |
| SCAD | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (0.6%) | 2 (1.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 5 (0.7%) |
| Other | 10 (2.2%) | 20 (3.7%) | 6 (3.8%) | 3 (13.6%) | 29 (4.0%) |
| Cardiovascular risk factors | |||||
| Hypertension | 258 (57.0%) | 314 (58.0%) | 96 (60.4%) | 13 (54.2%) | 423 (58.4%) |
| Family history | 193 (42.7%)*** | 300 (55.7%)‡ | 70 (43.8%)‡ | 14 (58.3%) | 384 (53.1%)† |
| Dyslipidemia | 241 (53.1%) | 273 (50.7%) | 77 (48.1%) | 12 (50.0%) | 362 (50.1%) |
| Diabetes | 116 (25.6%) | 128 (23.7%) | 46 (28.9%) | 6 (25.0%) | 180 (24.9%) |
| Comorbidities | |||||
| Sleep apnea | 91 (20.0%)* | 76 (14.0%) | 19 (11.9%) | 4 (16.7%) | 99 (13.6%) |
| Osteoarthritis | 24 (5.3%)*** | 72 (13.3%) | 26 (16.3%) | 6 (25.0%) | 104 (14.3%) |
| Cancer | 24 (5.3%)** | 56 (10.3%) | 15 (9.4%) | 3 (12.5%) | 74 (10.2%) |
N (%) or mean ± standard deviation shown
CABG = coronary artery bypass graft; CAD = coronary artery disease; CR = cardiac rehabilitation; MI = myocardial infarction; N = sample size; PCI = percutaneous coronary intervention; PVD = peripheral vascular disease; SCAD = spontaneous coronary artery dissection; TIA = transient ischemic attack
*Mann–Whitney U or chi-square test for difference between men and women in mixed-sex model: *P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001
†Kruskal–Wallis or chi-square test for difference between model among women: †P < .05; ††P < .01; †††P < .001
‡Post-hoc test results, where above significant: ‡P < .05; ‡‡P < .01; ‡‡‡P < .001
§Main referral event or procedure for each participant; in women, comparisons were only between supervised models due to low sample size in home-based