Table 3.
Outcomes by time and model, in women completers
| Mixed-sex N = 324 |
Women-only N = 96 |
Between Group† | Home-based N = 8 |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intake | Discharge | Change* | Intake | Discharge | Change* | P | Intake | Discharge | Change* | |
| Cardiorespiratory fitness | ||||||||||
| VO2peak (ml/kg/min)° | 17.7 ± 5.3 | 20.8 ± 6.0 | 2.8 ± 2.7*** | 16.0 ± 4.5 | 19.8 ± 4.5 | 3.0 ± 2.7*** | .008 | 18.3 ± 6.4 | 18.6 ± 6.2 | 0.6 ± 2.0 |
| METs | 5.1 ± 1.5 | 5.9 ± 1.7 | 0.8 ± 0.8*** | 4.6 ± 1.3 | 5.6 ± 1.3 | 0.9 ± 0.8*** | .005 | 5.2 ± 1.8 | 5.2 ± 1.8 | 0.0 ± 0.7 |
| Cardiovascular risk factors | ||||||||||
| SBP (mmHg) | 121.6 ± 17.6 | 120.3 ± 15.6 | − 0.8 ± 17.1 | 124.0 ± 17.0 | 123.9 ± 15.1 | 1.9 ± 16.7 | .068 | 123.9 ± 20.3 | 116.6 ± 17.5 | − 5.4 ± 12.3 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 72.9 ± 9.8 | 73.1 ± 8.0 | 0.2 ± 9.4 | 72.2 ± 8.0 | 74.2 ± 8.0 | 1.9 ± 9.4 | .997 | 67.7 ± 8.8 | 66.8 ± 6.6 | − 1.7 ± 10.8 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.1 ± 1.1 | 4.1 ± 1.2 | − 0.0 ± 0.8 | 4.0 ± 1.2 | 4.0 ± 1.1 | − 0.0 ± 0.6 | .827 | 4.0 ± 1.3 | 5.0 ± 1.2 | 0.5 ± 1.3 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.3 ± 0.7 | 1.3 ± 0.7 | − 0.0 ± 0.6 | 1.3 ± 0.8 | 1.3 ± 0.7 | − 0.1 ± 0.4 | .899 | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 1.5 ± 0.8 | 0.4 ± 0.3 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.5 ± 0.4 | 1.5 ± 0.4 | 0.1 ± 0.2** | 1.6 ± 0.5 | 1.5 ± 0.4 | − 0.0 ± 0.0 | .309 | 1.5 ± 0.5 | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 0.1 ± 0.2 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.0 ± 1.0 | 2.0 ± 1.0 | − 0.1 ± 0.6 | 2.0 ± 1.0 | 1.9 ± 0.9 | 0.0 ± 0.1 | .752 | 2.1 ± 1.0 | 3.2 ± 0.7 | 0.2 ± 1.0 |
| Tobacco use, (% current) | 3 (5.9%) | 2 (5.1%) | − 1 (2.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 | N/A | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 89.2 ± 13.9 | 87.9 ± 13.9 | − 1.3 ± 6.3** | 90.3 ± 13.5 | 89.2 ± 14.5 | − 0.0 ± 0.7 | .304 | 95.9 ± 17.6 | 92.6 ± 23.2 | − 3.1 ± 7.2 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.5 ± 5.7 | 27.3 ± 5.6 | − 0.1 ± 1.4 | 27.8 ± 5.2 | 27.8 ± 5.9 | 0.0 ± 0.2 | .524 | 31.9 ± 11.0 | 30.3 ± 11.9 | − 1.6 ± 2.1 |
| Psychosocial well-being | ||||||||||
| Depressive symptoms (CES-D) | 12.6 ± 9.9 | 10.4 ± 8.7 | − 1.5 ± 8.1* | 13.8 ± 8.5 | 11.2 ± 10.7 | − 1.4 ± 2.3 | .468 | 11.0 ± 6.8 | 13.0 ± 4.4 | 2.5 ± 0.7 |
| Quality of life (Cantril’s ladder of life; 0–10) | 6.8 ± 1.9 | 7.5 ± 1.5 | 0.7 ± 1.7** | 7.2 ± 1.6 | 7.7 ± 1.6 | 0.3 ± 0.3 | .157 | 7.0§ | 7.0§ | 0§§ |
N (%) or mean ± standard deviation shown for available sample at given assessment point; change score shown only in participants with scores at both time points
BMI = body mass index; CES-D = Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale; DBP = diastolic blood pressure; HDL-C = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C = low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; METs = metabolic equivalent of task; N = sample size; N/A = not applicable; SBP = systolic blood pressure; VO2peak = maximum rate of oxygen consumption measured during cardiopulmonary exercise test
°Available in n = 285 (66.6%) patients
*Paired-samples t-test for change from intake to discharge within each CR model; *P < .05; **P < .01; ***P < .001. Tests in home-based group likely under-powered and therefore caution is warranted in interpreting those results
†Compared between mixed-sex and women-only only, as valid N in home-based is too low for some outcomes. General linear mixed model adjusts for baseline value
‡Baseline difference between mixed-sex and women-only: ‡P < .05; ‡‡P < .01; ‡‡‡P < .001
§Sample size = 1, standard deviation not available
§§No valid pair available for change score