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. 2021 Oct 15;7(12):5339–5362. doi: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00757

Table 3. Summary of PHAs and Their Blends in Medical Applications.

application or properties polymer blends and particles main type of studies reference
gastrointestinal patches PHB/PLLA blends in vitro and in vivo degradations (114)
surface for cell culture tests PHB and PHBV scaffolds in vitro: fibroblasts (NIH 3T3) (185)
P(3HB-co-4HB) blend with cellulose in vitro: Chinese Hamster Lung (CHL) cells (194)
bone scaffolds PHB with bioglass particles in vitro: osteoblasts (MG-63); in vivo: rat model (192)
PHBHHx, PHB, and PLA in vitro: bone marrow cells isolated from rabbits (117)
PHB/PCL blend with bioglass particles in vitro: osteoblasts (MG-63) (195)
PHB with HA in vitro: preosteoblasts (MC3T3-E1) (196)
PHB with collagen in vitro: human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs); in vivo: rat model (111)
PHBHHx scaffolds in vitro: human bone marrow cells (112)
cartilage engineering PHBHHx-PHB blends in vitro: chondrocytes isolated from rabbit articular cartilages (101)
PHBV scaffolds in vitro: chondrocytes isolated from rabbit articular cartilages (198)
neural tissue engineering PHBV microspheres in vitro: PC12 cells, cortical neurons (CNs), and neural progenitor cells (NPCs) (199)
PHBV scaffolds in vitro: mix primary culture of neurons and astrocytes from the hippocampus of Wistar rats (110)
PHB, P(3HB-co-4HB), and PHBHHx scaffolds in vitro: neural stem cells (NSCs) (200, 209)
artificial blood vessels PLA, P(3HB), PHBHHx, and P(3HB-co-4HB) blends in vitro: rabbit blood vessel smooth muscle cells (RaSMCs) (115)
PHBHHx blends in vitro: smooth muscle cells from rabbit aorta (RaSMCs) (202)
wound healing P(3HB)/PHOHD blends in vitro: keratinocytes (HaCaT) (97)
PHB/P(3HB-co-4HB)/PHBHHx blends in vitro: keratinocytes (HaCaT) (98)
liver tissue engineering PHBV microspheres in vitro: human hepatoma cell line (Hep3B) (104, 105)
antibacterial properties PAni-PHBV blend with curcumin hemolytic assays, antimicrobial activity, in vitro: fibroblasts (NIH 3T3) (191)
PHBV microspheres with gentamicin hemolytic assays, antimicrobial activity, drug release test (205)
P(3HB) microspheres with gentamicin BSA adsorption test, drug release test (206)
drug release system P(3HB) microspheres with ibuprofen drug release test (207)
PHBHHx particles with insulin drug release test, in vivo: rat model of diabetes (208)