Table 1.
Baseline characteristics by HIV status. Second row of CSF values are adjusted for CSF protein difference between HIV+ and HIV-negatives. Blood cells are per microliter and CSF cells are per milliliter.
| Variable | HIV+ (n = 44) | HIV-neg (n = 13) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age in years | 40.1 (32.2–47.8) | 35.0 (31.6–43.8) | 0.4 |
| Male sex | 36 (81.8%) | 11 (84.6%) | 1.0 |
| African American race | 39 (88.6%) | 11 (84.6%) | 0.7 |
| Medical Comorbidities: | |||
| Hypertension | 3 (6.8%) | 0 (0%) | 1.0 |
| Diabetes | 1 (2.3%) | 0 (0%) | 1.0 |
| Hepatitis C | 3 (6.8%) | 0 (0%) | 1.0 |
| Months since HIV diagnosis | 90 (30–199) | – | |
| Nadir CD4+ | 107 (27–231) | – | |
| Plasma HIV RNA (log10) | 4.7 (4.2–5.3) | – | |
| CSF HIV RNA (log 10) | 3.2 (2.3–3.8) | – | |
| CSF Protein (mg/dl) | 36 (29–48) | 30 (24–38) | 0.03* |
| CSF RBC (per microliter) | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0−10) | 0.58 |
| CSF NFL (pg/ml) | 814 (683–1502) | – | |
| Flow Cytometry (blood): | |||
| CD4+ T cells | 200 (59–395) | 1048 (846–1427) | < 0.0001* |
| CD8+ T cells | 737 (444–1622) | 456 (353–655) | 0.02* |
| CD4+/CD8+ | 0.23 (0.11–0.45) | 2.36 (1.94–3.36) | < 0.0001* |
| % CD4 HLADR+ | 14.6 (10.5–26.0) | 2.6 (1.6–3.1) | < 0.0001* |
| %CD8 HLADR+ | 16.0 (10.5–25.2) | 1.7 (1.2–2.5) | < 0.0001* |
| CD19+ B cells | 176 (99–312) | 319 (263–467) | 0.006* |
| NK cells | 93 (63–133) | 235 (174–386) | 0.003* |
| Monocytes (total) | 332 (212–564) | 383 (306–455) | 0.51 |
| Monocytes (%classical) | 75% (68–84%) | 78% (76–86%) | 0.3 |
| Monocytes (%intermediate) | 9% (7–15%) | 6% (5–7%) | 0.002* |
| Monocytes (%non-classical) | 13% (7–18%) | 16% (9–17%) | 0.38 |
| Flow Cytometry (CSF): | |||
| CD4+ T cells | 326 (53–1223), 296 (28–1160) | 360 (164–930), 316 (142–777) | 0.52, 0.52 |
| CD8+ T cells | 889 (360–4352) 860 (317–4236) | 155 (91–264) 132 (70–154) | < 0.0001*, < 0.0001 |
| CD4+/CD8+ | 0.31 (0.10–0.47) 0.19 (0.04–0.43) | 2.48 (1.54–4.10) 3.44 (1.94–4.45) | < 0.0001*, < 0.0001 |
| % CD4 HLADR+ | 13% (7–24%), 20% (15–25%) | 4% (1–6%), 4% (1–7%) | < 0.0001*, 0.007* |
| % CD8 HLADR+ | 14% (8–26%), 17% (14–21%) | 3% (1–5%), 4% (1–7%) | < 0.0001*, 0.0007* |
| CD19+ B cells | 54 (27–125), 144 (63–255) | 31 (14–41), 164 (11–316) | 0.01*, 0.82 |
| NK cells | 24 (14–73), 59 (31–86) | 25 (10–37), 72 (20–124) | 0.32, 0.66 |
| Monocytes (total) | 25 (13–53), 41 (24–57) | 71 (15–93), 75 (44–105) | 0.17, 0.06 |
| Monocytes (%classical) | 33% (25–42%), 33% (29–37%) | 24% (16–28%), 23% (15–30%) | 0.008*, 0.023* |
| Monocytes (% intermediate) | 52% (42–62%), 52% (47–57%) | 61% (44–68%), 57% (48–66%) | 0.25, 0.35 |
| Monocytes (%non-classical) | 14% (7–18%), 15% (11–19%) | 16% (7–33%), 20% (13–27%) | 0.37, 0.23 |
P values < .05 are denoted by asterisk.