Table 3.
Between-group results (standard and context-specific walking speed)
| Outcome (n: CT, FP) |
CT | FP | Difference between groups (mean difference, p value, effect size) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10MWT (m/s) | T0 (14,16) | 0.85 ± 0.33 | 0.91 ± 0.28 | − 0.06, 0.59, 0.10a |
| T1–T0 (14,16) | 0.04 ± 0.14 | 0.05 ± 0.14 | − 0.01, 0.81, 0.00b | |
| T2–T0 (13,16) | 0.02 ± 0.09 | 0.03 ± 0.11 | − 0.01, 0.72, 0.01b | |
| T3–T0 (13,15) | 0.02 ± 0.13 | 0.06 ± 0.14 | − 0.04, 0.31, 0.04b | |
|
10MWT cognitive (m/s) |
T0 (14,16) | 0.67 ± 0.25 | 0.79 ± 0.25 | − 0.12, 0.21, 0.24a |
| T1–T0 (14,16) | 0.09 ± 0.14 | 0.01 ± 0.08 | 0.08, 0.12, 0.09b | |
| T2–T0 (13,16) | 0.06 ± 0.11 | 0.05 ± 0.10 | 0.01, 0.96, 0.00b | |
| T3–T0 (13,15) | 0.07 ± 0.18 | 0.03 ± 0.12 | 0.04, 0.75, 0.00b | |
|
10MWT context (m/s) |
T0 (14,16) | 0.56 ± 0.25 | 0.59 ± 0.17 | − 0.03, 0.74, 0.06a |
| T1–T0 (12,16)* | 0.12 ± 0.11 | 0.03 ± 0.11 | 0.09, 0.03, 0.17b | |
| T2–T0 (13,16) | 0.14 ± 0.13 | 0.07 ± 0.13 | 0.07, 0.10, 0.10b | |
| T3–T0 (13,15) | 0.09 ± 0.10 | 0.08 ± 0.13 | 0.01, 0.84, 0.00b | |
|
10MWT context and cognitive (m/s) |
T0 (14,16) | 0.46 ± 0.24 | 0.55 ± 0.22 | − 0.09, 0.30, 0.19a |
| T1–T0 (14,16) | 0.14 ± 0.13 | 0.06 ± 0.13 | 0.08, 0.14, 0.08b | |
| T2–T0 (13,16) | 0.17 ± 0.16 | 0.07 ± 0.12 | 0.10, 0.14, 0.08b | |
| T3–T0 (13,15) | 0.09 ± 0.19 | 0.07 ± 0.17 | 0.02, 0.62, 0.01b | |
|
IWW obstacles (m/s) |
T0 (14,14)* | 0.69 ± 0.30 | 0.85 ± 0.18 | − 0.16, 0.09, 0.36a |
| T1–T0 (11,14)* | 0.07 ± 0.10 | 0.03 ± 0.13 | 0.04, 0.65, 0.01b | |
| T2–T0 (8,13)* | 0.08 ± 0.06 | 0.04 ± 0.13 | 0.04, 0.64, 0.01b | |
| T3–T0 (5,11)* | 0.06 ± 0.05 | 0.05 ± 0.17 | 0.01, 0.59, 0.02b | |
| IWW obstacles and cognitive (m/s) | T0 (14,14)* | 0.61 ± 0.28 | 0.74 ± 0.15 | − 0.14, 0.13, 0.33a |
| T1–T0 (11,14)* | 0.07 ± 0.14 | 0.05 ± 0.17 | 0.02, 0.74, 0.01b | |
| T2–T0 (8,13)* | 0.09 ± 0.07 | 0.08 ± 0.12 | 0.01, 0.96, 0.00b | |
| T3–T0 (5,11)* | 0.03 ± 0.03 | 0.09 ± 0.12 | − 0.06, 0.17, 0.14b | |
Mean difference represents the difference between groups (CT-FP) at T0 and mean differences in change values at T1, T2, and T3. p values were obtained using aIndependent t-test or bANCOVA with baseline performance as covariate. Significant differences are presented in bold (p < 0.05) and tendencies are presented in italic (0.05 < p < 0.075). *Some participants were excluded (see degrees of freedom) due to technical problems with the IWW and/or video footage