Table 1.
Demographics, Treatment and Clinical Outcomes in Adult Asthmatics Admitted with COVID-19
| Overall | Male | Female | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n=787 | n=312 | n=475 | ||
| Age (years), Mean (SD) | 59.8 (16.4) | 58 (16.0) | 61 (16.5) | 0.01 |
| Race, n (%) | 0.01a | |||
| Asian | 65 (8.3) | 33 (10.6) | 32 (6.7) | |
| Black | 203 (25.8) | 66 (21.2) | 137 (28.8) | |
| White | 264 (33.5) | 118 (37.8) | 146 (30.7) | |
| Other/Unknown* | 255 (32.4) | 95 (30.4) | 160 (33.7) | |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | 0.52 | |||
| Hispanic/Latino | 171 (21.7) | 62 (19.9) | 109 (22.9) | |
| Non-Hispanic or Latino | 573 (72.8) | 231 (74.0) | 342 (72.0) | |
| Other | 43 (5.5) | 19 (6.1) | 24 (5.1) | |
| BMI, Mean (SD)** | 31.9 (9.3) | 31.2 (7.4) | 32.4 (10.4) | 0.07 |
| Tobacco Status, n (%) | 0.04b | |||
| Active | 20 (2.5) | 12 (3.8) | 8 (1.7) | |
| Former | 112 (14.2) | 52 (16.7) | 60 (12.6) | |
| Never/Unknown*** | 655 (83.2) | 248 (79.5) | 407 (85.7) | |
| COVID-19 Exposure, n (%) | 232 (29.5) | 82 (27.2%) | 150 (32.8) | 0.12 |
| IF YES to Exposure, n (%) | 0.60 | |||
| Household member | 168 (72.4) | 57 (69.5%) | 111 (74) | |
| Non-Household member | 62 (36.9) | 24 (29.) | 38 (26) | |
| Days illness, Mean (SD) | 6.84 (5.0) | 7.29 (5.3) | 6.53 (4.8) | 0.05 |
| Asthma Controller Medications, n (%) | ||||
| Montelukast | 205 (26.0) | 70 (22.4) | 135 (28.4) | 0.07 |
| ICS | 38 (4.8) | 11 (3.5) | 27 (5.7) | 0.23 |
| ICS + LABA | 263 (33.4) | 97 (31.1) | 166 (34.9) | 0.30 |
| ICS or ICS + LABA | 301 (38.2) | 108 (34.6) | 193 (40.6) | 0.10 |
| Number of Controllers, n (%) | 0.10 | |||
| 0 | 422 (53.6) | 181 (58.0) | 241 (50.7) | |
| 1 | 179 (22.7) | 72 (23.1) | 107 (22.5) | |
| 2 | 127 (16.1) | 43 (13.7) | 84 (17.7) | |
| 3 | 52 (6.6) | 14 (4.5) | 38 (8.0) | |
| 4 | 7 (0.9) | 2 (0.7) | 5 (1.1) | |
| Number of Controllers, n (%) | 0.05 | |||
| 0 | 422 (53.6) | 175 (56.1) | 232 (48.8) | |
| Any | 365 (46.4) | 137 (43.9) | 243 (51.2) | |
| Ventilator Support, n (%) | 145 (18.4) | 69 (22.1) | 76 (16.0) | 0.04 |
| Days on Ventilator, Mean (SD)**** | 13.9 (15.2) | 12.3 (11.1) | 15.4 (18.2) | 0.20 |
| Medical Management, n (%) | ||||
| Plaquenil | 604 (76.7) | 246 (78.9) | 358 (75.4) | 0.30 |
| Azithromycin | 379 (48.2) | 147 (47.1) | 232 (48.8) | 0.69 |
| Remdesivir | 8 (1.0) | 4 (1.3) | 4 (0.8) | 0.81 |
| Anti IL-1 | 78 (9.9) | 34 (10.9) | 44 (9.3) | 0.53 |
| Anti IL-6 | 85 (10.8) | 45 (14.4) | 40 (8.4) | 0.01 |
| Steroids | 339 (43.1) | 135 (43.3) | 204 (43.0) | 0.99 |
| Convalescent Plasma | 17 (2.2) | 9 (2.9) | 8 (1.7) | 0.38 |
| Discharged on Oxygen, n (%) | 131 (16.6) | 46 (15.6) | 85 (18.8) | 0.30 |
| Discharged with Tracheostomy, n (%) | 15 (1.9) | 7 (2.4) | 8 (1.8) | 0.74 |
| Length of Stay (days), Mean (SD) | 9.65 (11.0) | 9.84 (11.4) | 9.51 (10.8) | 0.68 |
| ICU Admission, n (%) | 194 (24.7) | 89 (28.5) | 105 (22.1) | 0.05 |
| Deaths, n (%) | 144 (18.3) | 62 (19.9) | 82 (17.3) | 0.39 |
Notes: aChi-square analysis performed for race and sex. There were significantly more White males than females and more Black females than males in the cohort. bChi-square analysis performed for tobacco status and sex. There were more active and former male smokers than female smokers. *31 Patients with “Unknown” race were grouped together with “Other”. **Only 651 patients had BMI recorded in the cohort and thus were included in the analysis. ***50 Patients with “Unknown” smoking status were grouped together with patients with “Never” status. ****t-test was performed on patients who required ventilator support during admission. Patients without ventilator support were excluded from analysis.
Abbreviations: COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; SD, standard deviation; BMI, body mass index; ICS, inhaled corticosteroids; ICS + LABA, inhaled corticosteroids plus long-acting beta agonist; ICU, intensive care unit; IL, interleukin.