Table 4.
Radiographic and Laboratory Findings in Adult Asthmatics Admitted for COVID-19
| Overall | Male | Female | p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N, if applicablea | n=787 | n=312 | n=475 | ||
| Initial Chest Radiograph, n (%) | |||||
| Clear | 93 (11.8) | 31 (9.9) | 62 (13.1) | 0.23 | |
| Ground glass opacities (GGO) | 95 (12.1) | 44 (14.1) | 51 (10.7) | 0.19 | |
| Infiltrate/Opacity/Consolidation | 580 (73.7) | 229 (73.4) | 351 (73.9) | 0.94 | |
| Pleural effusion | 16 (2.0) | 6 (1.9) | 10 (2.1) | 1.00 | |
| Most Severe Finding on Chest Radiograph, n (%) | |||||
| Clear | 56 (7.1) | 21 (6.7) | 35 (7.4) | 0.84 | |
| Ground glass opacities (GGO) | 134 (17) | 59 (18.9) | 75 (15.8) | 0.30 | |
| Infiltrate/Opacity/Consolidation | 604 (76.7) | 238 (76.3) | 366 (77.1) | 0.87 | |
| Pleural effusion | 34 (4.3) | 13 (4.2) | 21 (4.4) | 1.00 | |
| Acute Kidney Injury, n (%) | 187 (23.8) | 99 (34.0) | 88 (19.7) | <0.001 | |
| Labs, Mean (SD) | |||||
| Initial ESR (mm/hr) | 322 | 62.7 (33.6) | 58.6 (33.6) | 65.6 (33.4) | 0.06 |
| Peak ESR (mm/hr) | 310 | 69.2 (39.2) | 64.3 (35.3) | 72.7 (41.4) | 0.06 |
| Initial WBC (K/µL) | 785 | 8.44 (7.04) | 8.67 (5.21) | 8.28 (8.02) | 0.41 |
| Peak WBC (K/µL) | 778 | 13.5 (11.4) | 14.4 (10.6) | 12.9 (11.9) | 0.07 |
| Nadir WBC (K/µL) | 777 | 6.24 (4.33) | 6.38 (4.02) | 6.14 (4.53) | 0.43 |
| Initial lymphocyte count (K/µL) | 782 | 1.30 (3.23) | 1.12 (1.76) | 1.42 (3.91) | 0.15 |
| Lowest lymphocyte count (K/µL) | 768 | 0.963 (1.79) | 0.89 (1.84) | 1.0 (1.76) | 0.37 |
| Initial neutrophil count (K/µL) | 782 | 7.27 (10.3) | 7.37 (7.51) | 7.21 (11.7) | 0.81 |
| Peak neutrophil count (K/µL) | 767 | 10.8 (10.4) | 11.4 (10.0) | 10.4 (10.6) | 0.20 |
| Initial procalcitonin (ng/mL) | 640 | 2.61 (17.6) | 2.37 (13.5) | 2.79 (20.0) | 0.76 |
| Initial AST (U/L) | 782 | 58.3 (88.0) | 64.3 (94.5) | 54.3 (83.3) | 0.12 |
| Peak AST (U/L) | 773 | 245 (1360) | 264 (1530) | 232 (1230) | 0.74 |
| Initial ALT (U/L) | 782 | 47.1 (55.5) | 56.8 (60.4) | 40.7 (51.0) | <0.001 |
| Peak ALT (U/L) | 773 | 175 (777) | 212 (661) | 151 (846) | 0.28 |
| Tb cell CD3 absolute (cells/µL) | 77 | 551 (364) | 481 (257) | 630 (447) | 0.07 |
| Tb cell CD3% | 78 | 74.9 (114) | 61.5 (12.1) | 89.8 (165) | 0.27 |
| Tb cell CD4 absolute (cells/µL) | 76 | 348 (233) | 273 (151) | 432 (278) | 0.004 |
| Tb cell CD4% | 77 | 38.3 (11.8) | 35.4 (9.66) | 41.4 (13.2) | 0.02 |
| Tb cell CD8 absolute (cells/µL) | 76 | 203 (165) | 198 (161) | 208 (171) | 0.78 |
| Tb cell CD8% | 77 | 24.6 (18.0) | 28.2 (22.3) | 20.7 (10.6) | 0.06 |
| Tb cell CD19 absolute (cells/µL) | 41 | 164 (123) | 136 (81.9) | 187 (145) | 0.18 |
| Tb cell CD1656 absolute (cells/µL) | 41 | 487 (2200) | 124 (60.6) | 771 (2930) | 0.30 |
| Tb cell CD1656% | 41 | 16.4 (9.69) | 16.4 (9.85) | 16.3 (9.80) | 0.96 |
| Initial CRP absolute (mg/dL) | 699 | 16.3 (29.7) | 16.6 (28.3) | 16.0 (30.7) | 0.79 |
| Peak CRP absolute (mg/dL) | 691 | 22.5 (40.8) | 23.2 (36.1) | 22.1 (43.7) | 0.73 |
| Initial ferritin absolute (ng/mL) | 664 | 1020 (1890) | 1480 (2600) | 706 (1070) | <0.001 |
| Peak ferritin absolute (ng/mL) | 653 | 1730 (4240) | 2610 (5990) | 1120 (2200) | <0.001 |
| Initial D-dimer absolute (ng/mL) | 593 | 1470 (4800) | 1680 (5750) | 1320 (4000) | 0.39 |
| Peak D-dimer absolute (ng/mL) | 584 | 4010 (9140) | 5140 (10,700) | 3200 (7720) | 0.02 |
| Initial troponin absolute (ng/L) | 419 | 23.5 (359) | 6.56 (32.8) | 36.2 (474) | 0.34 |
| Peak troponin absolute (ng/L) | 381 | 51.4 (586) | 34.9 (236) | 64.1 (752) | 0.59 |
| Cytokine IL 1 absolute (pg/mL) | 37 | 14.1 (38.6) | 5.59 (2.26) | 22.1 (53.2) | 0.19 |
| Cytokine IL 6 absolute (pg/mL) | 61 | 132 (427) | 96.6 (268) | 173 (562) | 0.52 |
| Cytokine IL 10 absolute (pg/mL) | 41 | 17.3 (20.5) | 18.2 (18.9) | 16.3 (22.7) | 0.76 |
| Tb cell CD19% (cells/µL) | 42 | 20.6 (16.7) | 17.7 (9.45) | 22.8 (20.5) | 0.30 |
Note: aNumber of patients with respective lab values included in analyses.
Abbreviations: COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; SD, standard deviation; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; WBC, white blood cell count; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; Tb Cell, T and B cell subsets; CD, cluster of differentiation; CRP, c-reactive protein; IL, interleukin; mm/hr, millimeter per hour; K/µL, thousands per cubic milliliter; ng/mL, nanograms per milliliter; U/L, units per liter; cells/µL, cells per microliter; mg/dL, milligrams per deciliter; ng/L, nanograms per liter; pg/mL, picograms per milliliter.