Table 1.
Characteristics of patients surgically treated for non-pathological first hip fracture overall and by timing of mobilisation
| All (N = 133,319) n(%) |
early mobilisation (N = 105,651) n(%) |
delayed mobilisation (N = 27,668) n(%) |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Age (years) median [IQR] e] * |
84 [77–89] | 84 [77–89] | 85 [79–90] | |
| Sex* | Female | 97,001 (72.8) | 77,299 (79.7) | 19,702 (20.3) |
| Male | 36,316 (27.2) | 28,351 (78.1) | 7965 (21.9) | |
| Missing | 2 (0.0) | 1 (50.0) | 1 (50.0) | |
| Ethnicity* | White | 94,195 (70.7) | 75,116 (79.7) | 19,079 (20.3) |
| Caribbean or African (Black or Black British) or any mixed black background | 221 (0.2) | 145 (65.6) | 76 (34.4) | |
| Asian or Asian British or any mixed Asian background | 1173 (0.9) | 905 (77.2) | 268 (22.8) | |
| Any other Mixed background | 24 (0.0) | 18 (75.0) | 6 (25.0) | |
| Missing | 37,706 (28.3) | 29,467 (78.1) | 8239 (21.9) | |
| Deprivation* | Least deprived 10% | 9874 (7.4) | 7735 (78.3) | 2139 (21.7) |
| Less deprived 10–20% | 9742 (7.3) | 7546 (77.5) | 2196 (22.5) | |
| Less deprived 20–30% | 10,579 (7.9) | 8205 (77.6) | 2374 (22.4) | |
| Less deprived 30–40% | 11,379 (8.5) | 8864 (77.9) | 2515 (22.1) | |
| Less deprived 40–50% | 11,954 (9.0) | 9416 (78.8) | 2538 (21.2) | |
| More deprived 40–50% | 12,616 (9.5) | 9940 (78.8) | 2676 (21.2) | |
| More deprived 30–40% | 12,400 (9.3) | 9821 (79.2) | 2579 (20.8) | |
| More deprived 20–30% | 12,035 (9.0) | 9610 (79.9) | 2425 (20.1) | |
| More deprived 10–20% | 11,929 (8.9) | 9591 (80.4) | 2338 (19.6) | |
| Most deprived 10% | 11,307 (8.5) | 9138 (80.8) | 2169 (19.2) | |
| Missing | 19,504 (14.6) | 15,785 (80.9) | 3719 (19.1) | |
| Prefracture ambulation* | Outdoor ambulation | 100,983 (75.7) | 82,919 (82.1) | 18,064 (17.9) |
| Indoor ambulation only | 30,834 (23.1) | 21,663 (70.3) | 9171 (29.7) | |
| Missing | 1502 (1.1) | 1069 (71.2) | 433 (28.8) | |
| Fracture type* | Intracapsular | 78,830 (59.1) | 63,022 (79.9) | 15,808 (20.1) |
| Intertrochanteric | 46,566 (34.9) | 36,745 (78.9) | 9821 (21.1) | |
| Subtrochanteric | 7864 (5.9) | 5836 (74.2) | 2028 (25.8) | |
| Missing | 59 (0.0) | 48 (81.4) | 11 (18.6) | |
| Surgery timing* | Within target time of 36 h | 95,542 (71.7) | 76,489 (80.1) | 19,053 (19.9) |
| Not within target time | 29,498 (22.1) | 22,569 (76.5) | 6929 (23.5) | |
| Missing | 8279 (6.2) | 6593 (79.6) | 1686 (20.4) | |
| Procedure type* | Internal fixation | 64,845 (48.6) | 51,500 (79.4) | 13,345 (20.6) |
| Hemiarthroplasty | 57,539 (43.2) | 44,514 (77.4) | 13,025 (22.6) | |
| Total Hip replacement | 10,393 (7.8) | 9238 (88.9) | 1155 (11.1) | |
| Missing/Other | 542 (0.4) | 399 (73.6) | 143 (26.4) | |
| Calendar year of surgery* | 2014 | 31,205 (23.4) | 24,373 (78.1) | 6832 (21.9) |
| 2015 | 53,448 (40.1) | 42,734 (80.0) | 10,714 (20.0) | |
| 2016 | 48,666 (36.5) | 38,544 (79.2) | 10,122 (20.8) | |
| Weekday of admission* | Weekday | 89,840 (67.4) | 70,990 (79.0) | 18,850 (21.0) |
| Weekend | 41,357 (31.0) | 33,156 (80.2) | 8201 (19.8) | |
| Missing | 2122 (1.6) | 1505 (70.9) | 617 (29.1) | |
| Hospital volume*c | High volume | 68,323 (51.2) | 53,967 (79.0) | 14,356 (21.0) |
| Medium volume | 31,553 (23.7) | 25,448 (80.7) | 6105 (19.3) | |
| Low volume | 33,443 (25.1) | 26,236 (78.4) | 7207 (21.6) | |
| ASA grade*b | I | 3101 (2.3) | 2819 (90.9) | 282 (9.1) |
| II | 36,499 (27.4) | 31,410 (86.1) | 5089 (13.9) | |
| III | 73,694 (55.3) | 57,483 (78.0) | 16,211 (22.0) | |
| IV | 16,515 (12.4) | 11,159 (67.6) | 5356 (32.4) | |
| V | 275 (0.2) | 162 (58.9) | 113 (41.1) | |
| Missing | 3235 (2.4) | 2618 (80.9) | 617 (19.1) | |
| Comorbidities*a | Heart failure or pulmonary oedema | 12,753 (9.6) | 9056 (71.0) | 3697 (29.0) |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary | 17,107 (12.8) | 12,957 (75.7) | 4150 (24.3) | |
| Ischemic heart (acute) | 11,369 (8.5) | 8538 (75.1) | 2831 (24.9) | |
| Cardiac dysrhythmias | 26,319 (19.7) | 19,721 (74.9) | 6598 (25.1) | |
| Ischemic heart (chronic) | 19,836 (14.9) | 14,933 (75.3) | 4903 (24.7) | |
| Hypertension | 64,673 (48.5) | 51,252 (79.2) | 13,421 (20.8) | |
| Hypotension | 10,123 (7.6) | 7298 (72.1) | 2825 (27.9) | |
| Diabetes with complication | 1627 (1.2) | 1221 (75.0) | 406 (25.0) | |
| Alzheimer’s or dementia | 34,253 (25.7) | 24,810 (72.4) | 9443 (27.6) | |
| Depression | 9490 (7.1) | 7318 (77.1) | 2172 (22.9) | |
| Delirium | 9818 (7.4) | 7072 (72.0) | 2746 (28.0) | |
| Admitted from location* | Own home/sheltered housing | 107,144 (80.4) | 87,365 (81.5) | 19,779 (18.5) |
| Residential care | 23,588 (17.7) | 16,523 (70.0) | 7065 (30.0) | |
| Otherd | 2567 (1.9) | 1747 (68.1) | 820 (31.9) | |
| Missing | 20 (0.0) | 16 (80.0) | 4 (20.0) | |
* p ≤ 0.001
a18,624 without comorbidity data. Comorbidities are identified by the presence of ICD-10 diagnosis codes from the hip fracture care spell, or any admissions in the year prior to the hip fracture care spell.
bI – normal healthy individual; II – mild systemic disease that does not limit activity; III – severe systemic disease that limits activity but is not incapacitating; IV-incapacitating systemic disease which is constantly life-threatening; V-moribund -not expected to survive 24 h with or without surgery.
clow (less than first quartile), medium (second and third quartile), or high (fourth quartile) volume at admission based on the average annual number of surgeries at the admitting hospital.
dRehabilitation unit/acute hospital/already in hospital/this hospital site/other hospital site of this trust/other hospital trust.
eIQR: the first and third quartiles respectively.