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. 2021 Dec 15;9:193. doi: 10.1186/s40478-021-01293-5

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 4 — STAT3 inhibition reduces AD-related pathologies in 5XE4 mouse model of AD. STAT3 inhibitor treatment for 2 months decreases CAA and parenchymal plaques load. A, B Photomicrographs of mouse brain sections stained with methoxy-X34 to determine the amyloid plaques in brain and blood vessels. C Total amyloid load in 5XE4 mice brain. D CAA load in 5XE4 mice brain. E Neuritic/parenchymal plaques burden in 5XE4 mice brain. Scale bars represent 500 mm for section and 100 mm for inset section. STAT3 inhibition also reduces soluble and insoluble amyloid fractions in 5XE4 mouse model of AD. F Soluble Aβ levels in AD mice brain. G Insoluble Aβ levels in AD mice brain. Reduced amyloid processing by STAT3 inhibitor in 5XE4 mice was determined by measuring, H BACE1 activity, I sAPPβ levels, J γ-secreatse level. Treatment with STAT3 inhibitor deceased BACE1 activity and sAPPβ levels in brain of 5XE4 mice without affecting γ-secreatse level. Data is presented as mean ± SEM, *p < 0.05 as compared to veh + 5XE4, n = 9–11 in each group, veh- vehicle, 5XE4- 5XFAD/APOE4