Table 2.

Intergroup comparisons of participants stratified by periodontal status (n = 898)

Variables	Healthy n = 62 (6.9%)	Mild periodontitis (Stage I and II) n = 487 (54.2%)		Moderate/Severe periodontitis (Stage III and IV) n = 349 (38.9%)		P value
Periodontal parameters
Number of teeth	27.3 (3.0)	27.1 (3.6)		25.1 (5.6)***		< 0.001†
PPD (mm)	2.5 (0.2)	2.7 (0.3)***		3.2 (0.7)***		< 0.001†
BOP sites / mouth	0.0 (0.0)	17.1 (19.4)***		28.9 (26.9)***		< 0.001†
PESA (mm2)	1277.4 (188.2)	1363.9 (221.7)***		1568.2 (444.0)***		< 0.001†
PISA (mm2)	0.0 (0.0)	169.3 (196.1)***		393.4 (424.5)***		< 0.001†
Health examination
Age	49.8 (9.2)	49.9 (9.7)		52.9 (9.9)*		< 0.001¶
Weight (kg)	62.8 (10.1)	69.6 (12.1)***		70.6 (12.4)***		< 0.001¶
BMI (kg/m2)	22.2 (2.5)	24.1 (3.5)***		24.5 (3.7)***		< 0.001†
Triglyceride (mg/dL)	103.8 (80.5)	125.8 (90.0)		132.8 (98.4)		0.070†
LDL (mg/dL)	123.7 (26.2)	122.8 (29.5)		119.5 (30.9)		0.239¶
HDL (mg/dL)	63.3 (15.4)	58.2 (15.1)*		58.6 (15.4)*		0.045¶
FBG (mg/dL)	98.7 (8.0)	107.7 (18.6)***		110.9 (19.5)***		< 0.001†
HbA1c (%)	5.44 (0.21)	5.72 (0.73)***		5.80 (0.74)***		< 0.001†
% FEV1	81.1 (6.9)	80.2 (5.8)		78.3 (7.0)*		0.023†
CAVI	8.0 (1.0)	7.8 (0.9)		8.0 (0.9)		< 0.044†
Smoking (n, (%))						< 0.001§
Never	38 (61.3)	207 (42.5)		104 (29.8)
Former	13 (21.0)	143 (29.4)		118 (33.8)
Current	11 (17.7)	137 (28.1)		127 (36.4)
Occlusal function (Total n = 669)
n	33	352		284
Biting force (N)	453.1 (279.7)	411.1 (244.7)		372.9 (237.4)		0.058¶

Data are shown as means ± SD. P value was calculated from one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) ^¶ or Kruskal–Wallis tests for continuous variables or Pearson’s chi-squared tests^§ for categorical variables

*p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001 vs. healthy group