Table 3.
Intergroup comparisons of participants stratified by Body Mass Index (n = 791)
| Variables | Healthy n = 421 (53.2%) |
Underweight n = 22 (2.8%) |
Obesity n = 348 (44.0%) |
P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Periodontal parameters | ||||
| Number of teeth | 27.0 (4.2) | 26.4 (3.7) | 25.4 (5.8) *** | < 0.001† |
| PPD (mm) | 2.7 (0.5) | 2.7 (0.5) | 2.9 (0.7) *** | < 0.001† |
| BOP sites / mouth | 17.1 (20.8) | 15.5 (17.3) | 22.1 (25.3) *** | 0.012† |
| PESA (mm2) | 1392.7 (308.5) | 1325.4 (267.2) | 1429.8 (413.6) * | 0.166† |
| PISA (mm2) | 192.0 (284.1) | 162.3 (212.6) | 268.3 (350.5) *** | 0.004† |
| Health examination | ||||
| Age | 48.7 (9.7) | 49.1 (8.0) | 51.0 (9.2) ** | 0.003¶ |
| Weight (kg) | 64.4 (8.0) | 47.6 (5.4) *** | 80.7 (12.0)*** | < 0.001† |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.2 (1.7) | 17.5 (0.9) *** | 28.0 (3.1)*** | < 0.001† |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 109.8 (78.2) | 69.3 (29.2) ** | 150.5 (98.9)*** | < 0.001† |
| LDL (mg/dL) | 118.7 (28.0) | 107.1 (37.3) | 127.1 (30.1)*** | < 0.001† |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 63.0 (15.8) | 81.8 (21.8) *** | 51.7 (11.1)*** | < 0.001† |
| FBG (mg/dL) | 100.9 (8.3) | 97.6 (10.1) | 115.5 (24.6) *** | < 0.001† |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.37 (0.20) | 5.59 (0.29)*** | 5.99 (0.92)*** | < 0.001† |
| % FEV1 | 79.0 (6.9) | 82.9 (8.3)* | 80.6 (5.4) ** | 0.001† |
| CAVI | 7.8 (0.9) | 8.1 (0.8) | 7.8 (0.9) | 0.426¶ |
| Smoking (n, (%)) | < 0.001§ | |||
| Never | 200 (47.5) | 10 (45.5) | 117 (33.6) | |
| Former | 120 (28.5) | 2 (9.1) | 104 (29.9) | |
| Current | 101 (24.0) | 10 (45.5) | 127 (36.5) | |
| Occlusal function (Total n = 588) | ||||
| n | 316 | 12 | 260 | |
| Bite force (N) | 410.5 (243.9) | 426.1 (307.1) | 395.5 (240.5) | 0.727¶ |
Data are shown as means ± SD. P value was calculated from one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) ¶ or Kruskal–Wallis tests for continuous variables or Pearson’s chi-squared tests§ for categorical variables.
*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 vs. healthy group