Fig. 1.

d-mannose treatment improves clinical symptoms and alleviates inflammatory pathology. (A) Survival plot of d-mannose–treated mice and PBS-control mice with survival rates of 83 and 33%, respectively (n = 12, P = 0.019). (B) Clinical score and (C) daily weight of mice. Significant differences were found between the PBS-control and d-mannose–treated groups (P < 0.001 for clinical score, P = 0.0023 for weight). (D and E) Representative subtracted (postcontrast – precontrast) MPO-Gd enhanced T1-weighted images for (D) PBS-control and (E) d-mannose–treated mice, with arrows indicating the MPO⁺ lesions. (F) Total lesion area was measured (n = 3) and d-mannose–treated mice showed significantly smaller lesion area than that of PBS-treated mice (*P = 0.013).