Table I.
Clinical Characteristics of the Study Population (N=2024)
| Male (n=1382; 68.3%) | Female (n=642; 31.7%) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 65.7±10.3 | 68.2±9.1 | <.0001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 28.0±3.5 | 28.8±4.6 | .001 |
| Atrial fibrillation, % | 13.3 | 23.8 | <.0001 |
| LVEF, % | 57.4±11.4 | 58.6±11.6 | .25 |
| Clinical manifestation of chronic ischemic heart diseasea | |||
| Angina, % | 67.0 | 73.3 | .003 |
| Myocardial infarction, % | 48.7 | 34.3 | <.0001 |
| Revascularization, % | 48.5 | 33.8 | <.0001 |
| Evidence of ischemia, % | 39.4 | 43.7 | .042 |
| Cardiovascular risk factors | |||
| Dyslipidemia, % | 80.0 | 75.2 | .009 |
| Current smoker, % | 15.5 | 5.2 | <.0001 |
| Ex‐smoker (>1 year quit smoking), % | 41.4 | 10.2 | <.0001 |
| Diabetes, % | 27.3 | 43.2 | <.0001 |
| Sedentary lifestyle, % | 75.4 | 60.9 | <.0001 |
| Metabolic syndrome, % | 53.9 | 66.1 | <.0001 |
| Organ damage | |||
| Left ventricular hypertrophy, % | 46.6 | 54.9 | .001 |
| Heart failure, % | 14.5 | 26.8 | <.0001 |
| Peripheral artery disease, % | 18.5 | 10.3 | <.0001 |
| Renal function insufficiency, % | 12.4 | 12.7 | .88 |
| Stroke, % | 7.9 | 9.6 | .24 |
| Physical examination | |||
| SBP, mm Hg | 141.1±17.8 | 146.3±17.5 | <.0001 |
| DBP, mm Hg | 81.2±11.2 | 83.2±11.3 | <.0001 |
| HR, beats/min | 68.5±11.0 | 71.5±10.6 | <.0001 |
| Biochemical parameters | |||
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 195.4±44.3 | 207.8±42.4 | <.0001 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 142.8±78.9 | 147.4±73.4 | .24 |
| LDL‐C, mg/dL | 114.4±36.4 | 119.6±34.4 | .004 |
| HDL‐C, mg/dL | 49.3±18.7 | 51.2±16.5 | .04 |
| Serum fasting glucose, mg/dL | 114.6±35.7 | 125.8±43.5 | <.0001 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 1.24±1.3 | 1.18±1.2 | .33 |
| Uric acid, mg/dL | 7.1±6.9 | 6.5±5.6 | .09 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HDL‐C, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; HR, heart rate; LDL‐C, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; SBP, systolic blood pressure. aA patient may have more than one diagnosis.