Table II.
Ambulatory Blood Pressure, Hormone Level, and Vascular Function Responses to AEX and CTL Protocols
| Variables | AEX (n=55) | CTL (n=24) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre | Post | P Value | Pre | Post | P Value | |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 30.0 (28.8–31.2) | 29.5 (28.3–30.7) | <.001 | 29.6 (27.8–31.5) | 29.3 (27.3–31.3) | .044 |
| VO2max, mL/kg/min | 24.8 (23.0–26.5) | 26.7 (24.9–28.6) | <.001 | 23.4 (21.2–25.7) | 23.2 (20.1–26.3) | .368 |
| 24‐hour SBP, mm Hg | 141.1 (138.0–144.3) | 141.1 (138.2–144.1) | .999 | 140.9 (136.9–144.9) | 140.8 (136.2–145.4) | .935 |
| 24‐hour DBP, mm Hg | 90.0 (87.6–92.4) | 89.5 (86.8–92.3) | .481 | 88.3 (84.8–91.9) | 88.3 (84.0–92.5) | .941 |
| Daytime SBP, mm Hg | 145.3 (142.1–148.5) | 145.0 (142.0–148.0) | .770 | 144.0 (139.8–148.3) | 144.0 (139.2–148.9) | .999 |
| Daytime DBP, mm Hg | 93.7 (91.2–96.2) | 93.0 (90.0–96.0) | .330 | 91.6 (87.9–95.3) | 91.2 (86.7–95.7) | .688 |
| Nighttime SBP, mm Hg | 130.8 (127.4–134.1) | 130.4 (127.1–133.7) | .745 | 132.8 (128.6–137.0) | 131.5 (126.6–136.3) | .485 |
| Nighttime DBP, mm Hg | 80.3 (77.8–82.9) | 79.9 (77.2–82.6) | .610 | 81.0 (77.5–84.5) | 80.1 (75.8–84.4) | .613 |
| Dipping, % | 12.2 (10.3–14.1) | 11.9 (10.4–13.5) | .760 | 9.4 (7.3–11.7) | 9.5 (6.9–12.1) | .978 |
| Renin, pmol/L | 0.24 (0.18–0.30) | 0.29 (0.22–0.36) | .159 | 0.21 (0.17–0.25) | 0.32 (0.17–0.46) | .151 |
| Aldosterone, pmol/L | 0.28 (0.23–0.33) | 0.26 (0.21–0.31) | .049 | 0.29 (0.26–0.33) | 0.29 (0.24–0.34) | .939 |
| Cortisol, nmol/L | 335 (229–371) | 283 (253–313) | .006 | 322 (259–386) | 335 (282–388) | .714 |
| C‐peptide, pmol/L | 0.95 (0.80–1.09) | 0.86 (0.75–0.97) | .081 | 0.69 (0.58–079) | 0.64 (0.53–076) | .493 |
| HOMA‐IR, μU/mL × mmol/L | 2.7 (1.7–3.7) | 2.0 (1.6–2.5) | .036 | 1.6 (1.2–1.9) | 2.0 (1.4–2.6) | .253 |
| Urinary metanephrines, nmol/L | 1731 (1400–2062) | 1704 (1497–1910) | .959 | 1693 (1247–2139) | 1644 (1215–2073) | .995 |
| C1, mL/mm Hg × 10 | 15.5 (14.2–16.9) | 15.3 (14.0–16.7) | .938 | 14.2 (12.0–16.4) | 16.0 (12.5–19.6) | .104 |
| C2, mL/mm Hg × 100 | 4.5 (3.7–5.2) | 4.8 (4.0–5.6) | .367 | 4.1 (3.4–4.9) | 3.7 (3.2–4.3) | .330 |
| FBF, mL/dL/min | 4.0 (3.6–4.4) | 5.4 (4.9–5.9) | .001 | 4.7 (4.2–5.2) | 5.0 (4.4–5.6) | .444 |
Abbreviations: AEX, aerobic exercise training; BMI, body mass index; C1, large artery elasticity index; C2, small artery elasticity index; CTL, control; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FBF, forearm blood flow; HOMA‐IR, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; VO2max, maximal oxygen consumption. Values are expressed as mean (95% confidence interval). P for comparisons between pre‐training and post‐training values.